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UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Bachelor of Arts in Communication Research

Ma. Alessandra Bañares Dela Cruz

LUNAS SA UNOS: The Implementation of MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS Campaign in Marikina

Thesis Adviser: Miss Aleth Gayosa, BA College of Mass Communication University of the Philippines Diliman

Date of Submission April 2012

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_______________________ Ma. Alessandra B. Dela Cruz

April 2012

LUNAS SA UNOS: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY’S (MMDA) OPLAN UNOS CAMPAIGN IN MARIKINA

MA. ALESSANDRA BAÑARES DELA CRUZ

Submitted to the COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION University of the Philippines Diliman In partial fulfillments of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

April 2012

LUNAS SA UNOS: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF METRO MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY’S (MMDA) OPLAN UNOS CAMPAIGN IN MARIKINA

by MA. ALESSANDRA BAÑARES DELA CRUZ

has been accepted for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH by

Miss Aleth Gayosa

and approved for the University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication by

Professor Rolando B. Tolentino Dean, College of Mass Communication

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA PERSONAL DATA Name Ma. Alessandra B. Dela Cruz Permanent Address 48 Erma Subdivision, Tangos, Baliuag, Bulacan Email Address ma_alessandra04@yahoo.com

EDUCATION Secondary Level St. Mary’s College of Baliuag, Bulacan Primary Level With honors, St. Mary’s College of Baliuag, Bulacan

ORGANIZATIONS UP Sigma Alpha Nu Sorority, Lady of Finance UP Lakan UP Kasaysayan

WORK EXPERIENCE OJT Researcher, Nielsen, 3 months OJT Data Encoder, Social Weather Station, 1 month

ACHIEVEMENTS College Scholar PGMA Campus Journalist of the Year (2007)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT It is a pleasure to thank those who extended their meaningful assistance for the completion of this thesis. First, Ms. Aleth Gayosa provided her consistent support and patience as my thesis adviser. The insights she has shared and the constructive criticisms helped me develop a better output. The Metro Manila Development Authority and the government of Marikina actively participated in the study and unselfishly imparted their knowledge about the subject. Without these agencies, I would not obtain such relevant data. The informants of the study trusted me with their opinions and beliefs. I commend them for disclosing without hesitation, knowing it will be used for academic purposes. Lastly, I offer my regards to the most special people in my life. My mother guided me by all means, especially through her unfailing love. My friends and sorority sisters believed in me and encouraged me through their palpable moral support. And finally, thank you to my long distance ally from Los Angeles, who listened to my thesis stories and inspired me to write everyday.

DEDICATION To all the women in the world, especially those who have decided to make a change.   ABSTRACT Dela Cruz, MA. (2012). Lunas sa Unos: The Implementation of Metro Manila Development Authority’s OPLAN UNOS Campaign in Marikina, Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication.

This thesis examines how OPLAN UNOS engage selected stakeholders, particularly planners, implementers and residents, in disaster preparedness. OPLAN UNOS is a campaign launched by the Metro Manila Development Authority in order to mitigate disaster and its following consequences. The study looks at the planning and management processes and communication efforts involved in OPLAN UNOS. . It explores the awareness and knowledge of planners, implementers, and residents; and approaches their responses in terms of evaluation and practice. This thesis employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with stakeholders and key informants. The implementation of OPLAN UNOS was primarily guided by an organizational structure wherein the MMDA relied on a specific subcommittee aside from already existing local government units and point persons. Conveyed through its different channels such as rescue tools, seminars, campaign paraphernalia, and interpersonal exchanges, OPLAN UNOS especially enhanced the awareness and involvement of its stakeholders; the latter became mindful of their duties and responsibilities during disasters. While encountered problems included hardheadedness of residents and lack of manpower and budget, OPLAN UNOS promoted changes that planners, implementers, and residents of Marikina deemed to have benefitted them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page University Title Page i University Permission ii Title Page iii Approval Sheet iv Biographical Data v Acknowledgments vi Dedication vii Abstract viii Table of Contents ix List of Figures x I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 7 III. STUDY FRAMEWORK 18 IV. METHODOLOGY 26 V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 30 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 45 VII. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 48 VIII. REFERENCES 52 IX. APPENDICES 60

LIST OF FIGURES Number Title Page 1 MMDA enacting OPLAN UNOS 3 2 Integrated Theoretical Framework 21 3 Integrated Conceptual Framework 23 4 Operational Framework Model 25 5 List of Variables and Measures/Concepts and Indicators 28

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study In 2009, the Metro Manila region and its nearby provinces had been overwhelmed with heavy rainfall and immense flooding brought about Ondoy, one of the “worst” tropical depression typhoons to hit the Philippines. The typhoon’s six-hour rainfall reached 341.3 millimeters, submerging the major cities in Metro Manila, (Ribaya, 2009). The “small basin” of the National Capital Region was not prepared for this weather disturbance, leaving 600 people dead and an estimate of P30-billion damage to agriculture and infrastructure (Burgonio, 2009). Many of the residents were deprived of their basic needs such as shelter, food and water (Dizon, 2009). . In line with this, government and non-government agencies developed campaigns and relief operations to aid the typhoon’s victims. The Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA), National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), Philippine Coast Guard and Air Force provided rescue operations after the disaster. There were Local Government Units (LGUs) such as Marikina City Rescue, Quezon City Rescue and Pasig City Rescue which facilitated the delivery of relief goods to their respondents to their respective residents (Inquirer.net, 2009). Other donations to private relief centers and simple SMS contributions from people poured in. Volunteers, especially in the Philippine National Red Cross, (PNRC) further supported victims by giving free health consultations (Sta. Maria, 2009). After weeks of assessment, the total amount of assistance given to Ondoy victims was P97 million (UNICEF, 2009). The lessons of Ondoy have seemed to serve the people well. For example, some agencies continue their programs up to this day in order to prepare the citizens for upcoming disasters. One of the agencies which followed up in its program is the Metro Manila Development Authority or MMDA. MMDA is a government agency that “administers, plans and monitors the regulatory functions” in Metro Manila (MMDA, 2010, np). It supervises and regulates authority in cities including Manila, Caloocan, Quezon City, Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Las Piñas, Pasig, Muntinlupa, Marikina, Parañaque, Valenzuela, Taguig and Malabon. The MMDA’s goals and services include (1) development planning, (2) transport and traffic management, (3) solid waste and disposal management, (4) flood control and sewerage management, (5) urban renewal, zoning and land use planning and shelter services, (6) health and sanitation, urban protection and pollution control and (7) public safety (MMDA, 2010). In response to its aim toward public safety and to serve the Filipino people, the MMDA launched a campaign project named “OPLAN UNOS” last August 2010. As a communication campaign, OPLAN UNOS may be regarded as a “pre-planned set of communication activities designed by change agents to achieve certain changes in receiver behavior in a specific time period” (Rogers, 93, p.277) . Most of the time, campaigns are expensive and extensive. They provide opportunities for decision-making and individual participation (Trent & Friedenberg, 2008). Communication campaigns have specific purposes, either to change or achieve (Van Dijk, 1985). MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS was implemented in the 17 LGUs in the National Capital Region. Under MMDA’s vision of public safety and flood control and sewerage management, the enforcement was “organized to respond to life and property-threatening situations brought about by storms and disasters”. Each LGU was also examined and classified through “alert levels” and furthermore given the proper disaster response through rescue features and sidewalk clearings (MMDA, 2010, np).

Figure 1.MMDA enacting OPLAN UNOS. OPLAN UNOS allows people to prepare and review their emergency kits. To facilitate such preparation and review, the campaign consists of a series of seminars attended by representatives from anLGU. The seminar informs about ways to react during disasters especially in terms of (1) traffic management, (2) rescue and evacuation, (3) debris removal, (4) road clearing, (5) hazard abatement, (6) emergency transport and medical assistance facets (MMDA, 2010). The campaign similarly promotes safety and environmental concerns (MMDA, 2010). As an environmental campaign, it is defined by a shared meaning of place and time. It studies the organics and dynamics to come up with aligned goals (Doyle, 2005)and utilize social movements which are responsive to pressing problems (Rose, 2005). In the case of MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS, disaster is primary problem and the most valued factor. In terms of disaster, non-residents of high-risk areas are highly dependent in media when it comes to information updates such as typhoons. Residents of high-risk areas depend on first-hand information instead and depend on their high-awareness levels. In this case, the media does not bring about change in the residents to act no matter how frequent the exposure to the medium is (Yanga III, 2009). The preference of first-hand knowledge during disasters deems to be important. In the course of flooding, one of the most affected cities in the National Capital Region is Marikina City. It is a valley surrounded by mountains and divided by a river (Marikina City Government, 2010). Due to this geographical location, the area is prone to flooding and land movements. Its vulnerability is consistent during heavy downpours and typhoons (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, 2007). During Ondoy, at least 800 residents had to be rescued in Marikina placing the city under red alert (Felipe, 2009). After the whole experience, Marikina initiated its own managing techniques to surmount future disasters. “Save the Marikina River”, Solid Waste Management System (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, 2007) and small town efforts to encourage volunteerism uplifted the situation (Tigno, 2008). To this date, Marikina employs its own set of projects, and yet still participates in the general OPLAN UNOS campaign.

B. Statement of the Problem and Objectives RESEARCH PROBLEM: How has MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS campaign engaged selected stakeholders, in particular planners, implementers and residents, in disaster preparedness? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: • To determine and describe the planning and management processes involved in OPLAN UNOS • To identify and analyze the communication efforts used by government implementers to promote OPLAN UNOS • To examine the awareness and knowledge of Marikina planners, implementers and residents regarding OPLAN UNOS; and • To describe and analyze the residents’ responses to OPLAN UNOS in terms of evaluation and practice

C. Significance of the Study The study hopes to contribute to the body of knowledge present on local disaster preparedness projects and campaigns. Further, the study relates OPLAN UNOS to environmental mitigation measures. By researching this topic, the appropriateness of a campaign such as OPLAN UNOS is examined with strengths and challenges in mind. If efforts are proven to be effective, they may serve as models or guides for future campaigns. Tragedies and calamities may be prepared for and public safety hence gradually promoted. With the results of the research study are accomplished, the Metro Manila Development Authority could pattern their next evaluations and develop its areas of improvement. Aside from the government office, the city of Marikina and its residents could also benefit from the findings by modifying their plans according to situations suitable to them. With this, implementers believe that the information will speed up rescue effectively and promptly (TNN, 2011). Disaster response capabilities may progress through this too. MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS involves managing people by organizing and implementing the campaign for safety concerns. Thus, MMDA teaches at the smallest level of the government, the barangay, to supply first-hand information among individuals. It is proven necessary as the rapport established among media and individuals during calamities are examined. The research paper aims to study its planning and management, the knowledge of people in the said campaign and the change in behavior of people participating in the program.

  CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Campaign Planning and Management Disasters may happen in a specific area only and cause different effects among those who experience them (Wiest, Mocellin, & Motsisi, 1994). Information dissemination and communication resources in disaster management may be helpful to the study. Officials from the evacuation center in SapangMaisac, together with UP College of Social Work and Community Development (CSWCD) conducted a project to prepare their residents in case of emergencies. This project involves training courses and encouragement to participate in practice evacuation. Other residents were also taught to relieve duties in managing the center. Results involved the participation of residents mostly in meetings; but these residents also believed that what they needed the most is their individual capabilities to arrive at a better life (Estrada, 1998). The technique portrayed in this program is also reflected in McArthur’s report in 1997 wherein mobilization is necessary in encouraging a group’s action for information, education and communication strategies in disaster management. Aside from print media, other government agencies are using radios, telephones and fax machines to transmit updates to other agencies. During disaster rehabilitation programs, factual studies and situational reports may also be completed. This is seen in Matanguihan’s critical study in 1993 of disaster management programs. It concluded that communication only focused on the preparedness and immediate rescue and relief aspects. However, the monthly and quarterly meetings are still necessary. In the case of the Regional Disaster Coordinating Council (RDCC), the primary mode of communication is a council meeting. Its basic activities and step-by-step processes include discussion of projects, reporting updates and giving warnings pertaining to disasters. As a follow up, the RDCC also produced print, broadcast and interpersonal channels such as counseling and advising. However, the resources were also limited in terms of equipment and manpower (De Mesa, 1996). An information center in Malolos, Bulacan was also reviewed if they have fulfilled their duties in times of disasters. Malolos Information Center provided information through print and broadcast media. The office also distributed the materials to their residents. However, respondents were not satisfied as the inconsistencies of release dates were raised. Some residents did not even get the print material due to their small and limited numbers (Corporal, 1992). Pelling, Ozerdem&Barakat (2002) reiterated that the post-disaster period is a crucial stage in dealing with disasters too. Most opportunities are “short-lived and insufficient to compensate to all losses” (Pelling, Ozerdem&Barakat, 283). The economic system will always be involved in terms of reinsurance payments, development aid, emergency relief fund and remittances. The vulnerability of human beings to disaster is overlooked and therefore, should be included in the next studies. A comprehensive research by The World Bank Asia and East Pacific Region Rural Development & National Disaster Coordinating Council of the Philippines concentrated in the Philippines and enumerated the country’s problems during disasters such as a small funding gap catastrophe, lack of facilities and mechanisms and coordination between actors (national and local government unit). It also suggested ways on how to attain effective disaster risk management through (1) a national strategy that provides strategic direction for emergency management; (2) enabling legislation and (3) resource requirements for all actors and agencies. At the end of the study, it suggested that future researchers should scrutinize a specific area and isolate the impact of an individual hazard. B. Campaign Promotion in terms of Communication Efforts The communication strategies employed by a certain group is also a primary component of this study. Patterns and strategies of the different religions in the Philippines were noticed by Velarde (1991). Each religion had a unique way of sharing their faith: Fundamentalists distribute gospels,Iglesians go house-to-house while Catholics preach only on churches. When the religious preachers teach, the most common problems would be language difficulties, cultural differences and minor misunderstandings. The different truths in their religions also built a barrier to communicate with people from other religions. But to reckon, the most effective and most used communication channels were magazines, radio and television shows that have survived for years such as Sunday Mass TV and the 700 Club . Therefore, they were suggested to be a primary means for a strategic communication plan. The Department of Health used the common communication strategies such as mass media, interpersonal and group communication. To inform, educate and communicate the Department of Health’s agenda, they have targeted organizational and societal levels as receivers. Their communication methods have also been explored and expanded into counseling fora, symposium, meeting, art competition, awarding ceremony, print, broadcast, brainstorming and workshops. These wide-ranges of communication methods may be implied in other studies too (Dimaapi, 1996). On a larger context, Haber (1996) evaluated the communication strategies utilized by the Foundation for Development Alternatives (FDA) to organize the urban poor. FDA’s main goal was to allow the urban poor to “venture into income generating enterprise” in order to alleviate their economic situations. The author recommended research and integration, social investigation and meetings, issue mobilization of short-term and long-term goals and maintenance of financial projects for months as used by the FDA. By following them, effective communication strategies were produced and implemented accordingly: (1) recognize self-interest to motivate action (2) let the people decide (3) discuss simple to complex issues (4) work for the people for providing guidance and direction (5) ensure that learning will easily take place. Though this chronological tactics, the goals to uplift the urban poor’s situation will be accomplished (Haber, 1996). Based on observations, the Republic of the Philippines has launched different projects and campaign to address the problems of their citizens. For an instance, the city of Makati opened a website for their e-government. Cervantes (2010) interpreted that Makati’s e-government used electronic media to assist government practices. The campaign was utilized by the city’s residents and through focus interviews, concluded that 39% of the website’s content centered in e-governance, 33% in e-knowledge and 28% in e-service. It was a new phenomenon, but became patronized by its target audience. Opportunities through communication campaigns were also present. From Republic Act 9167, the Film Development Council of the Philippines started encouraging the production of film quality and to examine human conditions. A qualitative study by Gonzales (2009) produced a pronounced description of the situation and its cause and effects. It involved interviewing government institutions, producers and filmmakers and deduced that though incentives were given, it still wasn’t enough for the film industry. Garcia (1994) noticed that posters and pamphlets were the main tool for information dissemination and it had messages concerning the interrelationship of nature, people and the environment. Environmental issues could range from a specific issue or an encompassing one. Garcia studied the perception of environmentalism as a vehicle for developing environment conservation. Further, the theme “forestation” was also present in this communication channel written in the English language as it seemed to promise more comprehension (Garcia, 1994). The National Housing Authority (NHA) likewise launched a “New Households” campaign. Its goal is to provide shelter for the homeless. However, the campaign was deemed inefficient as it received abandonment or rejection from the beneficiaries. This was due to the inaccessible location depriving them from transportation, source of income and other factors (Espiritu & Suarez, 2010). Improvements are also important to each planned activity. Agrarian reform is studied and the reasons on why it is not moving forward are examined. The overall implementation on the land reform program and its disputes were considered the main factors. Landowners and farmers participated in the study. Thus, it concluded that landowners use harassment and tricks on farmers, while farmers don’t understand the law. The opposing values were not neutralized as the study failed to coordinate directly to the officers of the province affected due to limited time (Cubillan & Estoquia, 2006). Cammayo& Cuevas (2006) performed a descriptive study on how zoos and wildlife parks in the Greater Manila Area support the policy on wildlife preservation and their contributions. It determined that official policies and government agencies are most powerful in executing the laws as they were helped by mandates and “police power” to regulate the activities of the Filipino citizens. The promotions of the campaigns through flyers, newsletters and websites were also present. Finally, the policy was launched in academies of high school students with the help of mascots in costumes and other celebrities. These techniques created an improvement in the promotion of wildlife preservation. C. Awareness and Knowledge of Planners, Implementers and Residents However, it is important to note that some disasters are inevitable. This is based on an investigative study by Solidon in 2005 which states that weather (especially incessant rains) and the geology of the area (which is near the Philippine fault) are inescapable external factors. The only human activities that could have affected the region are timber poaching and alleged lodging which were not proven at all. The researcher failed to examine the municipality’s rules in dealing with disaster, which will be incorporated in this study. Another example is a study focusing on the control of water pollution. Pasig River’s level of pollution was studied with the help of Metro Manila Authority (MMA), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Danish International Development Agency. The case study found problems and proposed solutions such as (1) water quality monitoring (2) solid and liquid waste management, (3) information education and communication and (4) personnel development (Cruz, 1997). Thus, identifying problems is essential in evaluating campaigns. In studying knowledge and awareness, a good sample size is required to generalize. Bonus (1991) evaluated cigarette smokers to learn their knowledge and awareness regarding the proposal for complete ban on cigarette commercials. The researcher concluded that there’s a moderate level of knowledge, where most of the information came from newspapers. However, a larger area and a larger number of respondents were suggested as it only concentrated in Loyola Heights. Also in 1991, Lim reviewed a recent health phenomenon during that time, AIDS. The study stated that most of the residents in Quezon City were conscious of AIDS and its major problems; and this was considered to be on high levels of knowledge. They have also seen the newspaper as the preliminary and most truthful source of information. Magazines and televisions were only their second choice. Aside from the mass media, it turned out that interpersonal communication was also useful to the residents. Lim (1991) still recommended to research campaigns in line with the study and aim at specific sectors which are related to it. This was followed by Camilo (1996) as the researcher examined the effects of the competing information campaigns of the Department of Health and the Catholic Church’s public awareness and knowledge towards tetanus toxoid. Most of the knowledge was dispersed by the mass media (in television, radio and newspaper) and through interpersonal ties (such as friends and neighbors). However, the time allotted to explain tetanus toxoid was very little that it produced less exposure and awareness too. It concluded that only moderate awareness could be achieved because the strategies and campaigns used by the media and interpersonal ties were not successful in promoting tetanus toxoid (Camilo, 1996). The media, as a gatekeeper for most social issues, practice some rules and regulations too. One of these is the “Press Identification Card” studied by Lirio and Tan in 2010. The study was specifically conducted in Quezon City by using focus interviews. It revealed awareness that the identification card embodies the power of media. With this, the press identification card is accepted but there were still a few disagreements regarding its illegitimate use of fake journalists (Lirio & Tan, 2010). Awareness means being acquainted to the various social, economic, physical and environmental implications of the situation to individuals (Bascos, et al., 2008). It is also defined as to “how noticed these elements are to the general public” (Araullo, De Padua, Mandi, Olondriz& Villanueva, 2008, p. 16.) Knowledge, on the other hand, has a more profound substance. It is considered as a valid measure of the efficiency among government campaigns and projects (Araullo, De Padua, Mandi, Olondiz, & Villanueva, 2008). These knowledge and awareness could sooner operate as a foundation for attitude and behavioral changes (Bascos, et al., 2008).

D. Campaign Response in terms of Evaluation and Practice Finally, the change in behavior shall be looked upon to identify the significance of the campaign. Behavior change procedures are mostly applied in experiments and clinical treatments. Camerer and Hogarth (1999) used incentives to determine behavior change. The researchers concluded that incentives only improve performance in “easy-tasks like judgment, prediction, problem-solving, recalling items from memory and clerical tasks” (Camerer and Hogarth, 1999, p. 17). Since the research has exclusively used reading of experimental papers, Camerer and Hogarth suggested using open-ended questions in the next studies for behavior change. Action plans and behavior change were also studied in terms of primary care by (MacGregor, et al., 2006). Goal setting has been shown to be a “promising technique” to change behavior specifically in physical activity and diet. It suggested that more tests should be performed by physicians and the encouragement to engage in behavior change shall be discussed using goal setting to sustain this. Behavior change may also be reflected in culture. Santiano (2000) examined the image and culture of UP CMC students and its role on the emergence of change in behavior. The research said that the social context impacts our behavior with other people. And since CMC students are branded to be more fashionable, more creative and more confident, they approve of the image and the culture. Thus, interplay between an individual’s cognitive account and perceivable activities is produced. As earlier mentioned, communication campaigns are expected to give an outcome. And behavior change is one of the desired effects. Behavior change remains the “primary tool” for reversing national epidemics (UNAIDS, 2005).

In 2008, clinical trials about HIV prevention and behavior change were delivered. It included sick people in clinical trials for 12 months. Though the trials’ intensity and coverage were studied to fit the individual, it failed because the duration was too long and could not endure. Hence, the researchers suggested ways instead to examine behavior change by individuals, small groups and communities (Global HIV Prevention Group, 2008).

These groups were also reviewed by Gregory Walton. He administered experiments by assigning number groups and observing behavior. After the study, Walton claimed that (1) minimal social cues can change behavior, (2) doing a task with others increase interest and (3) social connection, regular feedback and personalized goals can change the behavior of others (Walton).

E. Synthesis These studies have noted various conclusions about campaigns, environmental campaigns and management in them. Cruz (1997) and Espiritu & Suarez (2010) proved that environmental campaigns are mostly implemented by government offices and/or business agencies. Estrada (1998) said that implementation could be monitored by the target audience’s participation while information dissemination is mostly in print media according to Corporal (1992). Moreover, communication campaigns are expected to give an outcome. And behavior change is one of the desired effects. (UNAIDS, 2005). It is important to note that a change in behavior is always dependent on the external factors such as weather and geologic area (Solidon, 2005) and internal factors especially cognitive development, motivations and actual behavior. From the aforementioned studies, a common ground suggested that evaluation on past performances should be examined. The help of local government agencies and local government units may also be sought upon to have a richer pool of data. Coordinating directly with them will produce more specific results for the study (Cubillan&Estoquia, 2006). The civil society sector and Non-Government Offices (NGOs) were also neglected (Cammayo& Cuevas, 2006). Hence, if it’s possible to reach out to them, the researcher should contact these offices. Through this, a larger number of focus interviews would be accomplished and concentrate on the people really involved. Yanga (2009) suggested these qualitative methods to delve deeper and produce richer details.   CHAPTER III. STUDY FRAMEWORK A. Theoretical Framework This study deals with Persuasion, Management and Behavior Change theories. 1. Elaboration Likelihood Theory Developed by Petty and Cacioppo in 1979, the Elaboration Likelihood Theory states that “high levels of involvement do not variably decrease persuasion”. Involvement is thus defined as the “extent to which an individual is willing and able to think about the position advocated”. In this theory, attitudes are necessary because attitudes influence decision and behavior. It could be divided into (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Theory states that audiences can be active or passive receivers of a communication message. If they critically think about messages and arguments, they are classified as active audiences. On the other hand, they could be passive receivers who take in all the messages without thinking. Receivers could also use central or peripheral processing. Central processing compels motivation and the ability to think about the message. Peripheral routes are hence taken by passive audiences since they do not have the motivation and ability to perform the thinking processes (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986). 2. The P-Process Management will be measured through Strategic Communication or P-Process. The P-Process is a guide to professionals in developing communication programs. It involves “changing behavior to a strategic and participatory program with a measurable impact on the intended audience”. It also helps to yield the basic decisions about the key elements in the communication program. The steps supplied for the P-Process are (1) analysis, (2) strategic design, (3) development and testing (4) implementation and monitoring and (5) evaluation and replanning. The P-Process commends to evaluate communication outputs within the program period to guarantee the participation of the stakeholders. It also ponders on sustainability and effectiveness and to develop future communication programs (Bloomberg, 2003). 3. Theory of Planned Behavior or Reasoned Action The study will use Martin Fishbein and IcekAjzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior or Reasoned Action. Fishbein and Ajzen developed the theory by looking at the correlations between attitude and behavior. It was assumed that the Theory of Reasoned Action was caused by voluntarily conduct, yet it is also affected by a ‘perceived behavioral control’ (University of Twente, 2010). The name was later on modified as the Theory of Perceived Behavior. This explains that an individual’s behavior is defined by his/her ‘intention to perform the behavior’. The intention becomes a crucial factor in deciding for his/her behavior and his/her norms. It serves as a ‘mediator between the attitudes and the actual behavior’ (Brittamar, 2010). Being the cognitive aspect of a person’s behavior, intention is thus explained by (1) the attitude toward a specific behavior (2) the subjective norms and (3) the perceived behavioral control. The Theory of Planned Behavior may be able to predict attitudes by measuring the three factors (University of Twente, 2010). After measuring these, the individual comes up with a goal and ends up with a certain action. The Theory of Planned Behavior or Reasoned Action is usually exhibited in studying communication campaigns and evaluation purposes (Jaccard & Davidson, 1972). Figure 2 explains the integrated theoretical framework. It is composed of the key variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior, the P-Process and the Elaboration Likelihood Theory. From the planning and management variables in the P-Process, the implementation and monitoring generates persuasive communication which reflects motivations and actions that either approve or reject. Approval would consequently mean favorable thoughts, unfavorable thoughts or neither of them. Favorable and unfavorable thoughts lead to cognitive actions that may be positive or negative too. Goals will then surface, promoting success to action.

Figure 2. Integrated Theoretical Framework B. Conceptual Framework According to the P-Process, Analysis requires understanding the problem, the people and the existing programs. Strategic Design focuses on the program’s approaches, communication channels and implementation plan. Development and Testing happens within the guidelines, tools and facilitation manuals. Implementation and Monitoring emphasizes maximum participation of the target audience (Bloomberg, 2003). This stage could be correlated with Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory of Reasoned Action. Evaluation and replanning measures how well a program achieves its objectives (Bloomberg, 2003). Intention is an arbitrator between attitude and actual behavior. It is only completed if there is a desire to express the attitude. Intentions are not always translated to behavior, and attitudes are not always translated to intentions. It depends on the individual’s drive to perform his/her implored action (Brittamar, 2010). See Figure 3 below.

Figure 3. Integrated Conceptual Framework C. Operational Framework In the operational framework, corresponding indicators for the problem’s objectives are clarified. Communication channels may be specified as broadcast or print, interpersonal or mass operational. The guidelines and tools will be observed by the brochures and manuals distributed by MMDA or local government units. Furthermore, implementation will be measured by the participation of the residents and the involvement and commitment of implementers. The implementation is now looked at as the communication efforts used by MMDA. It will be judged according to the campaign’s personal aid to the residents. There will be acceptance or rejection regarding the study. Those who will accept it may produce favorable thoughts, unfavorable thoughts or neither favorable nor unfavorable thoughts regarding MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS campaign. Favorable and unfavorable considers the willingness to exhibit negative or positive vibes. The positive vibes will then continue to enthusiasm. Finally, behavioral outcomes represent actual behavior. It tackles the advantages and disadvantages the individual experiences. It may also talk about strengths and improvements that took place (Ajzen I. , Constructing a Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire, 2006). It could also be reflected by looking at the cognitive thoughts as their awareness (Ajzen I. , A theory of planned behavior, 1985). Figure 4 on the following page illustrates this.

Figure 4. Operational Framework Model CHAPTER IV. METHODOLOGY A. Research Design This study employed a qualitative approach to thoroughly explain OPLAN UNOS from the residents’, planners’ and implementers’ views. In this study, residents are defined as the people who live in Marikina, especially in the high risk areas. Planners were the brain child of OPLAN UNOS, constructing the facilitation manuals and revising them. Implementers, on the other hand, were stationed on local government units to make sure that the campaign is completed. Since MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS has been implemented for only a year already, the researcher solicited help from the government office to refer key cities in Metro Manila who were subject to their campaign “OPLAN UNOS”. To address the research questions posed by this study, a cross-sectional approach was employed to analyze the different meetings. B. Research Methods and Instruments Focus interviews helped gather general information about the campaign, the motivations, actual behavior and applied learning of the residents. As for the focus interview of implementers, management principles of analysis, strategic design, development and testing, implementation and monitoring and evaluation and replanning were exhibited. During the interview, the language used was correlated with the objective respondent. They also have the option to decide whether the discussion would be in English or in Filipino. This convenience allowed more interaction among respondents.

C. Variables and Measures/Concepts and Indicators Problem Objectives Concepts Measures and Indicators Methods How has MMDA’s OPLAN UNOS campaign engage selected stakeholders, in particular planners, implementers and residents, in disaster preparedness? To determine and describe the planning and management processes involved in OPLAN UNOS Planning and management strategies and processes such as brainstorming, meetings and seminars -Thoughts during brainstorming activities -Schedule of meetings and seminars -Minutes of the

meeting 

-Management of Implementation Key informant interviews and acquisition of relevant documents To identify and analyze the communication efforts used by government implementers to promote OPLAN UNOS Campaign tools used for communication -Media Used -Interpersonal Methods Used Focus Interview To examine the awareness and knowledge of Marikina planners, implementers and residents regarding OPLAN UNOS General information about the campaign in terms of awareness and knowledge -Message of the Campaign -Date of Implementation Focus Interview To describe and analyze the residents’ responses to OPLAN UNOS in terms of evaluation and practice Behavior Change of Marikina residents after participating in OPLAN UNOS -Benefits that are assumed to motivate residents to follow OPLAN UNOS -New information learned by residents from OPLAN UNOS Focus Interviews Figure 5.List of Variables and Measures/Concepts and Indicator.

D. Units of Analysis and Sampling Scheme Purposive sampling was employed to determine the respondents. To set some criteria, respondents should be able to participate in the planning, management or implementation of the campaign itself. Snowball referrals were also be considered. The interviewees came from Marikina, as referred by the MMDA. The office suggested the city, as it is one of the prime cities served by OPLAN UNOS especially during Ondoy. The interviewees were asked about their experiences regarding the project in order to determine their awareness and the personal effects the campaign has brought to them. Their thoughts and feelings may also be looked upon. The in-depth interviews were approximately be 20 minutes to 30 minutes, enabling the researcher to delve into the thoughts of the informants. Comments and suggestions from the interviewees were also helpful for this study. There were 15 focus interviews from the residents and at least 5 focus interviews from the implementers. These were done in order to distinguish their awareness and the personal effects the campaign has brought to them. As for the focus group discussion, the Top 3 high-risk barangays were examined and asked for 3 representatives each. There were two focus group discussions with at least 9 participants. E. Data Gathering Procedures The researcher collected data for five weeks. On the first week, focus interviews among the MMDA implementers were conducted. Focus interviews, focus group discussions and the personal information sheet were accomplished on the next three weeks. The following weeks were assigned for the observations of MMDA’s meetings. After all research methods have been accomplished, data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. F. Data Analysis Using focus interviews and other acquisition of documents, the data were processed by observing the consistencies and inconsistencies mentioned by the informants. Information from the respondents was classified through their themes using concepts and indicators ascertained by the researcher. The management strategies of the campaign were also evaluated and analyzed. The objectives of OPLAN UNOS were assessed through the implementers’ idea of it. G. Scope and Limitation The study only focused on one of the key cities under the supervision of MMDA OPLAN UNOS. There were no coverage of the other local government units and this should be pursued for further studies.   CHAPTER V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results encompass the in-depth interviews with planners, implementers and residents involved in OPLAN UNOS. Campaign materials, such as facilitation manuals, strategic maps and seminars that may have influenced their communication planning for OPLAN UNOS were also looked upon. Furthermore, this section presents the concepts and ideas cited in the focus interviews and the major issues on the topic that were highlighted as mentioned by the respondents. A. Campaign Planning and Management The campaign OPLAN UNOS, launched by the Metro Manila Development Authority, works toward the primary goal of disaster preparedness in case of storms, floods and other calamities. OPLAN UNOS also provides training for the post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation. The campaign’s target audience comprises of residents of the National Capital Region which is under the jurisdiction of MMDA. At the same time, OPLAN UNOS may respond to adjacent neighbors of the metropolitan. Regions III, IV and V may be extended help before and during disasters. This is done as it is believed that the said regions could help NCR as well. OPLAN UNOS involves several levels and units from MMDA’s head office, down to the representatives of local government units in Metro Manila and finally, to the LGU’s smallest unit: the barangay. Each local government unit and barangay adjust the facilitation of OPLAN UNOS according to the area’s needs. They can modify the original plans accordingly and change their names to suit their new arrangements. The Punong Barangay (Barangay Chairman) shall be mainly in charge for the implementation. As for Marikina, an ordinance in 2011 was issued for their own set of rules based from OPLAN UNOS. According to Ordinance No. 53, Series of 2011 of the Marikina Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, the Punong Barangay shall also facilitate and ensure the participation of at least two representatives of civil society organizations from existing and active community groups or associations. Figure 4 shows the organizational communication component of the implementation of OPLAN UNOS.

Figure 6. Organizational Chart of OPLAN UNOS The MMDA, as seen in the organizational chart, is the primary manager of OPLAN UNOS- specializing in its general information. It has a subordinate department called the Flood Control Information Center, wherein weather forecasts such as location, amount of rainfall and other monitoring data were observed and monitored. When the information is final, troop leaders from MMDA relay the information to concerned local government units and key cities of the metropolitan. In this thesis, the specific local government unit of Marikina was assigned to a councilor who was given the responsibility to assist the Disaster Mitigation Management Committee (DMMC). The committee then directs the barangay unit to follow the DMMC’s regulations. The smallest unit or the barangay is governed by the barangay chairman; and he may involve his kagawad (councilors) and the Sangguniang Kabataan. For the whole plan, it would be optional to allow one Non-Government Organization (NGO) to participate in the program, especially in instances when the catastrophe overwhelms each victim. “Yung mga volunteers kasi, mostly NGOs. Like Philippine National Red Cross, meron kaming chapter dito sa Marikina. Minsan yung mga volunteer namin nag-aano din sila sa amin. Kung baga, parang nag-ooffer din sila sa amin.” “Our volunteers are mostly NGOs. Like Philippine National Red Cross, they have a chapter here in Marikina. At times, the volunteeroffers help to us.” -Informant 3, Female, Planner These planners are stakeholders, particularly for the analysis and strategic design in the P-Process. In this study, the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the primary planner involved and has claimed to be the expert during Philippine disasters. The MMDA has identified similar experimental campaigns that were implemented in the past which contributed to the development of OPLAN UNOS. One of these is Metro Yakal, a campaign launched during earthquakes and its mitigation. These programs, including OPLAN UNOS, were addressed for the community (especially Metro Manila) and its neighboring regions (Regions 3, 4, 5). Flood-prone areas were mainly focused upon, too. To amplify the campaign, planners had undergone trainings abroad (such in Tokyo, Japan). They implemented minor improvements in infrastructure and immersion in the local government units once in a while to check the situation. “By going to the community level. So pumupunta kami sa community, kasi pag baha kasi, all in one campaign. Kung ayaw magkaroon ng baha, kailangang magkaroon ng kampanya para sa garbage waste disposal. Then yung sa development ng infrastructure, yung mga facilities tulad ng flood control system.” “We go to the community level if there’s flooding. It’s an all in one campaign. If we want to avoid flooding, we need to create a campaign regarding garbage disposal. We also develop infrastructure facilities as seen in the flood control system.” -Informant 2, Male, Planner They had assigned groups for traffic management, flood control, solid waste management, and HPSEPO (Health, Public Safety, Environmental Protection Office). The Flood Control Information Center (FCIC) delegated its own troop commanders who would pass the information through subordinates via cellular phone and radio or face-to-face interaction when signal falters. From the groups of MMDA employees, the information was likewise taken down to the local government unit, and sooner to the grassroots level or the residents. With this, planners opted to continue OPLAN UNOS with their activated facilitation manuals during disaster and their ongoing modification of the same manual. As for the rescue materials, there were no tools given or lent to local government units since each barangay have their own sets of tools and some have far superior tools than MMDA. OPLAN UNOS thus acted a support group when the local government unit is overwhelmed by a certain disaster. With these, planners would have been challenged to create a plan that would yield long-term effects in disaster mitigation. The planners were somehow satisfied with the implementation of OPLAN UNOS, but they aspire to learn more by attending more training for themselves and imparting what they’ve learned to other implementers. They accentuated that OPLAN UNOS should operate for long-term effects and become a proactive campaign rather than a reactive one. According to the planners, OPLAN UNOS is likewise open to changes and improvements when the need arises. B. Campaign Implementation and Promotion To promote OPLAN UNOS, weekly seminars during Saturdays and Sundays were conducted in Orense, Guadalupe, Makati City- MMDA’s head office. The sharing of information regarding disaster preparedness and mitigation were restated during the seminar. Barangay Nangka, Tañong and Tumana imposed a variety of ways to disseminate the guidelines of OPLAN UNOS among residents. It ranged from rescue materials, roving vehicles, media to interpersonal modes. Rescue materials such as megaphones, sirens and omnipresent speakers in the barangay were noticed by most residents. Rubber boats, trucks and patrol cars roved from time to time to check on the situation. These roving vehicles played a significant part for information dissemination and rescuing stranded residents themselves. “Maraming tumatawag dito and then sinasabi ko nga sayo na meron kaming mga nakapwestong tao doon to pick up and the fire truck. Umiikot kami (para makita ang sitwasyon).” “A lot of people call here and we inform them that there are people assigned and stationed in their (flooded) areas to pick them up with a fire truck. We also roam around (to check on the situation).” -Informant 6, Male, Implementer

As for the media part, communication seemed very important. To implement the campaign, there had been announcement materials such as megaphones, sirens, microphones and speakers to alarm the neighborhood about the rising water levels and strategic evacuation. Moreover, from the MMDA to the barangay level, cell phones were assigned to be the primary means of communication. As for the whole of Marikina, the internet and LED boards were also set up to easily publicize warnings. It was also mentioned that there were fliers presented to residents, but they were limited since only one informant (Informant 20) received it. Interpersonal communication happened when implementers would knock door-to-door to notify residents of the situation or conduct seminars and trainings to inform and guide people. These government officials and barangay volunteers were said to visit the residents’ homes in order to persuade their evacuation in times of danger. “Lalo kung sa gabi, nag-memegaphone sila.Maliban sa megaphone, kinakatok nila bahay-bahay… Yung kapitan mismo.Pumupunta talaga sila doon, bumababa. Lahat ng tauhan ng Barangay Nangka.” “Especially at night, they use megaphone. Aside from megaphones, they knock on our doors… The barangay chairman itself goes there (to the affected area.) All employees and volunteers of Barangay Nangka.” -Informant 8, Female, 37, Resident

There were stationed men who checked the rise of water level in the creeks and updating alert levels from time to time. Finally, seminars were called as they gather residents in gyms or open areas for disaster preparedness’ for dissemination to larger audiences. C. Involvement, Participation and Response of Planners, Implementers and Residents

1. Awareness and Knowledge of Planners and Implementers Upon analyzing the ideas exhibited in the focus interviews, the researcher found out that there was significant knowledge on OPLAN UNOS among the stakeholders such as planners, implementers and local residents. The participants were aware of the campaign primarily because of the visibility of government officials and the hospitality given by the government office such as the barangay hall. “Yung pagka-may sakuna, iinform kaagad nila yung ano.Nag-iinform kaagad sila Diyan sa barangay hall.” “If there are disasters, the barangay hall informs as soon as possible.” -Informant 12, Female, 32, Resident Numerous gained their knowledge as they contributed as volunteers or employees of the local government. However, all residents were not acquainted with the name “OPLAN UNOS” as each local government unit customizes its plans from the general campaign and modifies one that will suit them specifically. These customized plans were mentioned as 1) Disaster Code for the whole of Marikina 2) One Team Tumana for Barangay Tumana 3) Emergency Response Team for Barangay Nangka and 4)Tañong Rescue Team for Barangay Tañong. Hence, the option to specify or personalize the general plan to each community which adopts it may present a challenge in informing people that a deliberate coordinated disaster plan actually exists (i.e., as implemented by MMDA). Whereas collaborations between and among communities may be emphasized, such as an implementation focuses on localizing the plan. Awareness was especially brought about after typhoon-related phenomenon affected the vicinity. The typhoons Ondoy and Falcon were mentioned. Ondoy and Falcon were described as turning points towards the disaster mitigation and rescue operations. The shock brought about by typhoon Ondoy was probably the main cause of this gradual change. “Malaki ang naging aral sa amin ng Ondoy na yan. Alam mo ang daming kailangan dapat iligtas Kasi ang nangyari dito, halos ang third floor ng bahay, yung pinaka-flooring ng third floor ng bahay, halos naabot. Natrap kaming lahat! Wala kaming anohan kung hindi, maglipatan kami sa mga bahay na matataas. Kailangan namin ng rescue, bangka, walang magamit. Kaya iyon nga, doon nagisingang barangay.”

“Ondoy taught us a lotof lessons. We were aware that people needed help. Back then, even the third floor of our houses was almost reached by flood. We were trapped! We had no choice but to move to our neighbors’ houses which were higher. We need rescue and boats, but there was none. That situation during Ondoy was the barangay’s eye opener.”

-Informant 7, Female, 48, Resident Nevertheless, an informant reported the campaign as being implemented only during disasters. MMDA confirmed this by citing that the activation of the facilitation manual happens when typhoon strikes. B. Response of Implementers and Residents in Terms of Evaluation and Practice OPLAN UNOS in each barangay have set guidelines that the residents and the implementers have mastered. The alarms signify a message for the number of times it was played. The first alarm notifies the residents of the present situation. The second alarm suggests that residents should seal their houses, pack their things or bring it upstairs. The final and third alarm implies that everyone should leave and go to the designated evacuated centers they have been informed in the past. OPLAN UNOS concentrates on rescuing during disasters and preparations before it hits the area. With these materials (rubber boats, roving vehicles, etc.) and rules, most residents were convinced with the aid promised. They even compared the present situation to that of Ondoy, stating that the experience and the post-rescue operations induced them to follow OPLAN UNOS. “Oo (nakumbinsi kami). Noon, matigas ang ulo ng mga tao .Lalo kung malapit sa ilog. Ayaw nilang lumipat. Pero mula noong nag-Ondoy, konting baha, konting ulan lang, mismo na ang mga tao ang sumasampa sa sasakyan.” “Yes (we’re convinced). Before, the people were hardheaded, even the ones near the river. They do not want to evacuate at all. But after Ondoy, when it slightly floods and even light rainfall, they voluntarily move out of the area by climbing the rescuing vehicles.” -Informant 8, Female, 37, Resident Some attributed they lessons to their previous experiences and did not want to repeat their mistakes. Residents tended to compare what happened in Ondoy and branded such as motivation to follow the announcements established by OPLAN UNOS. The residents themselves absorbed the consequences and willingly subjected themselves to being mindful and enlightened about the step by step disaster mitigation reminders. “Oo (kusangloob).Kasi alam namin na ano yun, pag narinig namin yung 1-2-3, lalo na yung tatlo, alam na namin talaga. Kasi nag-ano na silang roving na kapag narinig niyo na po yung isa, ano na po yan, ready. Pag pangalawa, halina kayo, mag-ayos-ayos na. Pag pangatlo, alis na at gawin kung anoang dapat gawin.”

“Yes (we follow voluntarily). When we hear the 1-2-3 (alarms), especially the third one, we know what to do. There are roving vehicles. When you hear the first alarm, it means get ready. The second alarm means pack your things. The last one, evacuate and know what to do.”

-Informant 20, Female, 53, Resident Residents confirmed that they have voluntarily followed OPLAN UNOS for their own good, regardless that it is not mandatory. “Oo (kusang loob). Hindi naman sila nagpipilit. Basta sinasabi nila na sumunod para walang masamang mangyari.”

“Yes (voluntarily). They do not force anyone. They just remind how we should follow to prevent bad things to happen.”

-Informant 13, Female, 53, Resident However, a small portion of the residents still chose to ask questions through the barangay hall and their telephones and/or observe by themselves before following OPLAN UNOS’ notifications. The ones who are well-off, especially those who have a 3-storey household, did not follow the rules. They believed that they are safer inside their homes than evacuation centers. Contrary to the satisfaction of most residents with these available materials, implementers still sought improvement by expanding their rescue materials. “Well ang mga improvement, kailangan yearly. Kasi ang mga gamit, hindi naman habang buhay eh good condition yan. Everytime na may bagyo, ginagamit mo yan, syempre ano yan, nasisira din yan. Example, salbabida. Kailangan taon-taon good condition yan. And then syempre, yung additional ideas na pwepwede mong maigawa o ma-execute in times of calamity.”

“Well improvements should be done yearly. The materials are not always in good condition, they debilitate. Example, life buoy. We need it to be in good condition every year. And then, we also need additional ideas that we could execute in terms of calamity.”

-Informant 6, Male, Implementer Implementers were hopeful to conduct further training seminars for themselves and later share it with other residents to cater to the whole area. “Habang may binibigay samin na libreng seminar, tuloy lang. Para madagdagan yung kaalaman namin.”

“We plan to continue on attending seminars as long as the government gives them. This is to gain more knowledge.”  

-Informant 5, Female, Implementer The benefits of OPLAN UNOS were ascribed as the government’s good service towards rescuing and less casualties. This included saving lives of their families especially the children. Relief goods were also taken as a good complement in this certain benefit. To some extent, the individual’s improvement in cognitive knowledge before and during disaster was also emphasized. “Alam na ng tao kung ano ang gagawin niya, kung ano pwedeng gawin kapag bumaha na dito sa lugar. Hindi kamuka noong Ondoy na nashock kaming lahat.”

“The citizens are now informed of what they are supposed to do and what they can do in times of flooding in the area. It was unlike Ondoy wherein everyone of us was shocked.” 

-Informant 14, Female, 33, Resident Finally, value formation was seen as a benefit of OPLAN UNOS for it have caused unity among residents and implementers and “pakikipagkapwa-tao”. However, the campaign was confronted with challenge as there were indifferent residents who did not care at all, the hardheaded ones who would not evacuate at any cost or the ones abusing the situation by stealing the properties left at home by the evacuees. In the case of implementers, an interviewee revealed that some were selfish enough to save their own lives than to fulfill their duties of saving other people first. This may be a result of the lack of manpower, of budget and relief goods. Although inflicted with these, the problems did not outweigh the benefits making OPLAN UNOS a sound campaign. Since there was full participation in OPLAN UNOS from residents and implementers, voluntary obedience was reflected. The implementers, particularly in times of crises, were regarded as accommodating of their roles to guide their constituents. They employed their programs and only expect maximum cooperation from their audiences.

“Kailangan lahat makipag-cooperate. Not only doon sa prone areas, sa mga citizens namin doon. Sana lahat. Mayaman man o mahirap… Dapat lahat.”

“We need everyone to cooperate, not only those in the prone areas. We are hoping that everyone participates, be it the rich o the poor… It should be for everyone.”

-Informant 3, Female, Implementer In terms of timeframe, OPLAN UNOS was expected to continue until the need arises. As long as the campaign existed, residents were willing and eager to follow it. Residents stressed that the natural calamities happen every year and they will need the help of OPLAN UNOS to survive it. They mentioned that in order for the campaign to continue, aggressive leaders should be present and prompt the duties to their “paid” subordinates. In the same way, implementers must aspire to maintain the campaign for it benefits the people whether they are still elected for office or not. Residents and implementers found OPLAN UNOS’ continuity necessary. To further improve the campaign, the researcher inquired about comments and suggestions for the campaign’s development. Residents were satisfied with how the campaign was handled and thought that there was no urgent need for any supplementary operations. However, all the implementers and a small number of residents wanted additional rescue materials, regulation on the attitudes of tough residents, modification of the river’s infrastructure, more training seminars and increased budget for disaster situations. This willingness of the residents to participate in most meetings, seminars and other form of help would be an factor and a necessity to attain success in campaigns as Estrada (1998) have mentioned earlier. It is also important to note that the residents have critically analyzed the most important facet of OPLAN UNOS which is beneficial to them. They have specified it under the flood-related alertness enumerating buzzers, immediate updating on water levels’ condition and urgent response during the calamity itself. Some residents appreciated the values of their implementers as they manifest unity, team work, sacrifice and discipline. Several residents voiced out factors that did not help during the implementation of OPLAN UNOS. One of these was favoritism seen during the distribution of relief goods. Some complained that the affected areas were not given proper attention. Relief goods were even distributed to the less flooded areas due to what they termed as “palakasan” or favoritism. Secondly was exaggeration or being “OA or overacting.” Residents have reported that even if a small rain’s coming, OPLAN UNOS functions and alarms them. This causes a bit of panic and distraught among the residents. Finally, some noticed slow rescue operation by saying “Nalunod na, tsaka palang dadating” (They come late. They only come when someone has already been drowned). But in general, residents consider every facet of OPLAN UNOS important to them.   CHAPTER VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION OPLAN UNOS was established for disaster preparedness and disaster confrontation. It presented solutions for the Metro Manila community and adjacent regions such as Region III, Region IV and V. From the MMDA’s general operations division, the information regarding this disaster was constantly directed to the flood control information center and troop leaders. The aforementioned subordinates would then communicate it to the local government unit or the assigned city. The city mayor relayed it to the barangay unit, together with kagawads, the sangguniang kabataan, volunteers and non-government offices. Lastly, the grassroots level or the residents would receive the given information. Results showed that through this flow of information, there was significant knowledge on OPLAN UNOS among the local stakeholders. Majority raised their awareness from first-hand information conveyed by the implementers’ visibility in the barangay offices and the flood-prone areas. The implementers were reportedly cordial to the residents’ inquiries regarding disaster procedures through telephone and face-to-face discussions. To communicate the campaign properly, implementers used various materials to reach and influence their target audience. Majority mentioned announcement materials such as megaphones, sirens, microphones and speakers to deliver the signaled alarm. These were played in the loudest volume to inform the whole vicinity. Vehicles played an important role during the information dissemination. Trucks, rubber boats and patrol cars kept moving, together with announcement materials to again inform the residents. Interpersonal communication was cited as implementers conducted pre-disaster seminars and door-to-door persuasion during the disaster itself. Hence, planners, implementers and residents were fully aware of their duties and responsibilities. They learned and memorized the rules implemented by the campaign. The respondents said that despite OPLAN UNOS not being mandatory, they performed voluntary obedience regarding the rules for their own safety and in order to avoid the mishaps of Ondoy. This was their motivation and a result of their change in behavior was to become more attentive and involved in OPLAN UNOS. The benefits of OPLAN UNOS were attributed to implementers’ good service towards rescue and saving lives; residents’ improvement in cognitive knowledge before and during disaster; and value formation such as unity and pakikipagkapwa-tao. Indeed, many viewed the campaign as having little disadvantages. Only a small portion mentioned favoritism, referring tothose who have closer ties with the implementers. The respondents indicated problems encountered concerning the residents’ attitudes. There were hardheaded residents who would not leave their homes no matter what, and there were others who took advantage of the situation by stealing from an abandoned house. The implementers’ attitudes were noted for its lack of manpower, lack of budget, and consequently, lack of relief goods. OPLAN UNOS was viewed as a meaningful and responsive solution adapted to the local government unit in terms of disaster. The benefits seemed to have outweighed the problems encountered. Residents were satisfied with how the campaign was handled, yet implementers still sought improvement by providing more rescue materials and training seminars. The stakeholders wished to continue OPLAN UNOS as long as the situation calls for it.   CHAPTER VII. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Theoretical Implications and Recommendations The researcher integrated the Elaboration Likelihood theory, the P-Process and the Theory of Reasoned Action to yield a model that would examine the campaign OPLAN UNOS and satisfy the research objectives. With the Elaboration Likelihood Theory, involvement of respondents were classified to seek their knowledge and awareness, and whether they are active or passive participants of the campaign. For the management aspect of the communication campaign, the P-Process has been used. In addition, the Theory of Reasoned Action suggests the behavior change of respondents depending on their motivations. The results of this study substantiate the mentioned theories. The framework was appropriate for the objectives of the study were addressed. It suggested the campaign’s assessment through a step-by-step process from management to cognition, and later on to social change or action. Through this, future researchers could adapt from this model in considering another campaign of the same nature. In addition, the Attribution Theory may be used in a study like this. It is another behavior change theory which explains “how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior”. The attributions could be classified into internal attribution such as attitude, character or personality or external attribution such as the situation present (University of Twente, 2010). The Attribution Theory could be useful to this study since most respondents have identified previous disasters like typhoon Ondoy and typhoon Falcon as their motivation in taking part in OPLAN UNOS. When utilized, we could conclude that natural disasters could be grouped as external attributions contributing to behavior change. 2. Methodological Implications and Recommendations The assessment of OPLAN UNOS and other disaster-related campaigns could be delved into deeper analysis in the future. Data gathering methods such as focus interviews and acquisition of data were suitable for the study. However, focus group discussions and content analysis may be used by future studies to examine the actual messages communicated by the customized campaigns launched by MMDA, Marikina, Barangay Nangka, Barangay Tañong and Barangay Tumana. One suggestion is relating the response of residents with the latter’s characteristics such as socio-demographics, number of households, monthly family income, among others as suggested by Espiritu & Suarez (2010). This should include a closer look at how the upper class and lower class of the status quo adapt during disasters and the tools they are capable of using for survival. Possible significant findings may develop if the additional viewpoint is inferred. As for the sampling component, the study focused on Marikina as suggested by the Metro Manila Development Authority as the most active local government unit in terms of involvement in OPLAN UNOS. Since only one local government unit was analyzed in this study, the researcher suggests conducting this on a larger scale. The geographical scope could be improved by inquiring more key-cities from MMDA referrals. It is also suggested to increase the sample size for better representativeness, more heterogeneous responses and finer relative data. Conclusively, the Public Information Office, who helps in the dissemination of tarpaulins, fliers and other print media may also be visited and evaluated to examine the communication channels utilized by the local government unit. 3. Practical Implications and Recommendations This study will be of meaning to Marikina’s local government unit in improving their communication campaigns. It has been found out that the most effective way of communicating at present were the announcement materials such as megaphones and sirens. Though Marikina has provided high-technology media tools like LED band and the internet, the residents opt for the conventional way of obtaining information. Thus, they should reinforce announcement materials and ensure its maintenance. The high-technology media tools could also be beneficial if proper placement in strategic locations were applied and well-distributed information were made available. In addition, efforts must be doubled in terms of persuading the residents during evacuation. Though a lot are convinced with the team’s strategies, there is still a need to yield specific strategies that will accommodate the specific needs of these “hardheaded” people who refuse evacuation as mentioned by Informant 1, Informant 4, Informant 7, Informant 8 and Informant 14. The local government should also tighten security during disasters to avoid abusive behavior of thieves, but shall only set this as a second priority. Although there is sufficient knowledge regarding OPLAN UNOS, increasing the stakeholders’ knowledge is still necessary. Many are much willing to undergo trainings and seminars in the same light. 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APPENDIX A (Focus Interview Guide for Residents) Name (Optional) ______________________ Sex_______ Area of Residence _____________________ Age_______

I. Introduction  Ipakilala ang sarili at magpasalamat sa mga respondents.  Ipaliwanag ang paksa ng pananaliksik.  Ipaliwanag ang katangian ng focus interview.  Walang tama o maling sagot.  Ang kanilang pagkakakakilanlan ay itatago.  Ang pagrerecord ng panayam ay ginagamit lamang para sa data gathering.  Ang lahat ng resulta ay para sa akademikong layunin. II. General Information about the Campaign 1. Alam mo ba ang MMDA OPLAN UNOS? 2. Paano ninyo nalaman ang tungkol sa OPLAN UNOS? 3. Ano ang sinasabi ng OPLAN UNOS? 4. Naalala mo ba kung kalian ito ipinatupad? 5. Ano ang mga materyales na ginamit ng kampanya para makarating sayo? 6. Ano ang masasabi mo tungkol sa mga materyales? Nakumbinsi ka ba nito? III. Favorable or Unfavorable Attitudes 1. Ano ang iyong “first impression” sa OPLAN UNOS? 2. Paano ka tumugon sa OPLAN UNOS? 3. Ano ang tingin mo sa timeframe nito? Sa tingin mo, hanggang kalian ito dapat ipatupad? IV. Motivations and Actual Behavior 1. Aling mga alituntunin ng OPLAN UNOS ang sa tingin mo ay mahalaga? 2. Aling mga patakaran naman ang sa tingin mo ay hindi mahalaga? 3. Kusang loob ka bang sumusunod sa OPLAN UNOS? 4. Kung oo, hanggang kailan mo ito susundin? Kung hindi, ano ang makakapigil sayo? V. Applied Learning 1. May alam ka bang problemang naranasan mo habang ipinapatupad ang OPLAN UNOS? 2. Sa inyong opinyon, ano ang mga idinulot na pakinabang ng kampanya? 3. Sa inyong opinion, ano ang mga hindi gaanong kapina-pakinabang na naidulot nito? 4. Mayroon ka bang mga puna at mungkahi para mapabuti pa ang OPLAN UNOS? Ano ito?

APPENDIX B Focus Interview Guide for Planners Name ______________________ Area in Charge _______

I. Introduction  Introduce self and thank the respondents.  Explain the research topic briefly.  Explain the nature of focus interview:  There is no right or wrong answer.  Their identities will be treated confidentially.  Recording facilities are only used for data gathering.  All results are for academic purposes. II. Analysis  What are the objectives of the OPLAN UNOS as a campaign?  Are there any existing campaigns you have implemented which are similar to it?  Who are the people to benefit from it?  How did you develop the campaign?  Who are the people involved in creating the plan?  Were there any experts from other offices who participated in the planning? Who were they?  Were there guidelines and facilitation manuals to explain OPLAN UNOS further? Was it easy to use them?  Were there other tools supplied? Were they given or lent to the area? III. Strategic Design  Is there an implementation plan?  Were there groups or persons assigned? What are their tasks?  What are your strategies in relaying the messages?  What are the communication channels and materials you have used?  Did you assign a specific communication channel per area, or is it a general communication channel for all? IV. Evaluation and Replanning  In your opinion, have you realized your objectives?  What helped you achieve them?  What hampered your objectives?  How satisfied were you in implementing them?  Will you continue implementing them? Why or why not?  Do you have any plans of modifying the campaign? How do you think can you improve it? V. Thank the respondents and give their tokens.  APPENDIX C Focus Interview Guide for Implementers Name ______________________ Age _______

I. Introduction  Ipakilala ang sarili at magpasalamat sa mga respondents.  Ipaliwanag ang paksa ng pananaliksik.  Ipaliwanag ang katangian ng focus interview.  Walang tama o maling sagot.  Ang kanilang pagkakakakilanlan ay itatago.  Ang pagrerecord ng panayam ay ginagamit lamang para sa data gathering.  Ang lahat ng resulta ay para sa akademikong layunin. II. Implementation and Monitoring  Sino ang nagpatupad ng OPLAN UNOS?  Ito ba ay kanilang trabaho o sila ay volunteers?  Sila ba ay nakatira sa lugar o bumibisita lang sila para magturo?  Sila ba ay mga opisyal ng gobyerno o sila ay sibilyan?  Sa tingin ba ninyo, ang mga tagapagpatupad ng OPLAN UNOS ay may kapangyarihan sa iba pang mga mamamayan? Ipaliwang ang sagot.  Sino ang target audience ng OPLAN UNOS?  Paano sila naimbitahan na sumali dito?  Tumugon ba sila sa kampanya?  Lumahok ba sila sa mga proyekto at gawain ng OPLAN UNOS?  Ano ang mga implikasyon na naidulot ng OPLAN UNOS sa kanyang target audience?  Paano naikalat ng implementers ang impormasyon tungkol sa OPLAN UNOS?  Ano ang pinakamahalagang element sa pagbabahagi ng impormasyong ito?  Ano ang mga hamon at isyu na naranasan ninyo sa pagpapatupad nito?

III. Evaluation and Replanning  Sa inyong opinion, naisakatuparan nab a ang inyong mga layunin?  Ano ang nakatulong upang makamit ito?  Ano naman ang pumigil sa inyong mga layunin?  Nasiyahan ka ba sa nagawa mong pagsasakatuparan nito?  Gusto mo bang ipagpatuloy ang pagpapatupad ng mga ito? Bakit o bakit hindi?  Mayroon ba kayong anumang mga plano ng pagbabago sa kampanya?  Sa tingin mo, paano pa babaguhin ang OPLAN UNOS para pagbutihin ito?

IV. Magpasalamat sa mga respondents at ibigay ang kanilang mga token.

APPENDIX D Interview Transcripts

Name: Informant 1, Male Planner: MMDA Length: 27:43 Alex (A): Sir, good morning po! I am Ma. Alessandra Dela Cruz, 5th year Communication Research major sa UP Diliman. And then I am having my study regarding OPLAN UNOS. Informant 1 (E): OPLAN UNOS? OPLAN UNOS particularly? Not Metro Yakal, A: Sir I am supposed to study about the Anti-Yosi campaign or Anti-Smoking campaign. But then, sabi po nung prof ko na it’s a new campaign, like one year palang po when I was proposing my thesis. And then I changed to another project by MMDA. E: So OPLAN UNOS ang ano mo, ang topic. A: Yes, sir. So ano po, there’s no right or wrong answer for this. Your identity will be treated confidentially and then all results are for academic purposes. E: Ah, so isusurvey, actually? A: Ah hindi po. Focus Interview lang po. E: Okay. A: Sir, so yung first part po, what are the objectives of OPLAN UNOS? E: OPLAN UNOS is for disaster preparedness mitigation, recovery and rehabilitation. This is the program of the MMDA to abate any effects of disaster particularly UNOS, storms, floods. A: Sir, meron po bang particular na nangyari kung bakit niyo sinumulan yun? For example, dahil po ba sa Ondoy? E: Actually, none talaga. It was.. With the new leadership of the MMDA , kay Chairman Francis M. Tolentino, he’s an environmentalist talaga eh. So one of his programs is disaster preparedness. So nagkaroon kami ng other than OPLAN UNOS, we have OPLAN Metro Yakal. This is for preparedness for earthquakes naman. So these are simultaneously launched so that we can have a comprehensive program against natural disaster. A: Ok, sir. So who are the people involved in creating the plan? E: The people involved in creating OPLAN UNOS are the chairman, I, myself, Mon Santiago. A: Sir how about who are the people to benefit from this? E: The people to benefit would be, Metro Manila residents. Metro Manila residents because, this is particularly focused on them, to address any disaster particularly flood in Metro Manila. But at the same time, the adjacent residents of the Region of NCR would also benefit because we can help them. In the same way that they can help us if NCR is the victim because we all know that when disasters strike, your first reaction is to save your family. So while saving your family, no one else is saving you because you’re all victims. So you would need the help of those who are not victims. So that’s why we need the help of Region 4, Region 3. Maybe up to Region 5 siguro. But in the same way, OPLAN UNOS also benefits Region 3 or 4. A: So are there any existing campaigns which are similar to it? E: Ah, we have Metro Yakal. That’s for earthquakes. We also have other trainings for landslides. ELSAROC ang tawag dun eh. Earthquakes, landslides, that program. In fact we’ve been sent to Japan to study the effects on how to mitigate. Kasi Japan is the best prepared country in the world in terms of natural disasters. We went to Tokyo to study how they respond to such natural disasters. A: Sir, dun na po tayo sa may strategic design. So do you have an implementation plan? E: Yes, definitely. A: So ano ba yung communication strategies na ginamit niyo? E: Okay. Have you seen OPLAN UNOS? A: Yes po. Yung short descriptions po yung nakita ko. E: Ok sige. In OPLAN UNOS, there are several components. One, the emergency operation support group; these are the logistics that you need. And then second, the damage and need assessment group; this is to identify the disaster and they should assess what kind of relief operation that we should undertake. And third is the operations and coordination. And then flood mitigation. This is before the disaster. This should mitigate the cause of flood. Next yung traffic management. Traffic management necessary because if flood occurs in any part of Metro Manila, definitely there’d be flooding. And if there’s flooding, there’d be traffic. And if there’s traffic, you cannot be mobile. You cannot move your victims. You cannot move your rescuers. That’s why we need a traffic management group. Then rescue and evacuation, debris removal and road clearing. And hazard abatement, transport and the medical assistance. A: Sir so pano po yung communication channels na ginamit niyo in order to explain it to the people? E: In order to explain it to the people, we use the LGUs, the local government units. We go to the grassroots, we train them. We train the people. First and foremost, the first responders would be our public safety group. Meron kaming grupong yan nay an lang ang ginagawa, any emergencies. And then, the whole of MMDA, all 7000 employees are also trained. Pero 7000 lang as compared to 12 million residents of Metro Manila. So we should go the barangay level. So nag-LLGU kami. A: So sir, did you assign a specific communication channel per area or same lang po sila? E: We have barangay disasters factors. Yun ang tinetrain. Actually pag pumunta ka dito ng Saturdays, you’ll see the training. A: Ah, pwede po? E: Oo. Usually, Saturdays we do the trainings here. And sometimes, we go to their area para maturuan sila. A: Sir, were there any experts from other offices who participated in the planning? E: Actually if you ask other people around, in the Philippines, the experts would be MMDA. This is acknowledged naman, MMDA are the experts. That’s why yung mga local emergency groups, dito nagtratraining din samin. In the same way, we also train NDRRMC and they adapt our plans, yung National Disaster Reduction Risk Management Council. We train them, kami ang nagttrain sakanila. That’s why we get our training abroad. So we go to Japan. I was in Japan last November for a training on management on disaster. So ito yung. You manage your people underground. How you respond to any emergency. Tapos we sent several people and they just returned last week to Kobe, sila naman yung ground level. Sila yung nagtraining. They were there 45 days to get a training. And then nagugulat din yung mga Japanese, although we lack the equipment. That’s admitted. And manpower. But yung kit daw ay sometimes daw better than theirs. Magugulat ka sa mga response nila eh. Maybe because sanay tayo. We do with so little, when I went there kasi merong disaster center ang Tokyo. I went to the disaster center, it’s a big facility. And then yung one portion of that disaster facility, nakalagay dun yung mga disaster tools ng bawat country. Switzerland yung disaster tools nila ay Swiss knife, talagang branded. Sa US, sa Japan, yung sa atin, alam mo yung disaster tools natin? Crayons. Isang sando. And water bottle. Tatawanan mo yun. Ang gaganda nung sa kanila pero yung satin ganun. Pero satin ganun. Pero, highlighted. Why? Because, ano purpose ng crayon? Ikaw? Bat may crayons dun? These are for the children. While others think of how to save, how to extricate , nandoon na tayo sa level ng reformation. Kasi nashoshock daw yung mga children, hindi nila alam kung ano ang nangyayari while the disaster happened. Naghihintay palang ng recovery, talagang walang ginagawa ang mga tao. Kaya satin meron tayong crayons. Water bottle, what’s that for? A: Para hindi madehydrate? E: Ang water bottle natin ay ginagamit natin pangfloat. Pangfloat pag may baha. Di ba pag nakita mo sa TV, anong ginagamit ng mga tao? Di ba Styrofoam? Di ba yung mga ice coolers. Yun ang sinasabi natin sa kanila. And, nagugulat sila. Na we’re very resourceful. Wala nga kayong equipment, but you can do with so little. Kaya, yun siguro. Kaya we can. While yung technical expertise natin ay not that high compared to the Japanese and other countries, but our being resourceful with whatever we have yun ang nagiging ability natin. Nagiging edge natin. And they recognize that. A: Sir, is there a facilitation manual? E: We are developing a manual. In fact, noong andoon kami nakahanap kami ng book that’s written by a Filipino, it’s a manual on disasters. But when we read it, parang kulang. A: Kulang. And hindi bagay sa Philippines? Or hindi naman? E: Hindi naman. Bagay naman sa Philippines. Kaya lang it was just called from different sources and then nilagay lang sa isang book. So while binabasa naming, parang kulang. I think we should make one na ano naming, then disseminate it to the people. A: Sir, how about tools? May sinusupply po ba kayo na tools? E: Tools for rescue? Yes. We have rescue tools. We have better rescue tools than most LGUs. But there are some LGUs that have far superior tools. We have, after Ondoy, other LGUs invested on public safety tools, mga rescue tools, rescue equipments. Meron silang mga kayak. When the flood happened in Bulacan, Calumpit, Hagonoy. Pumunta kami roon. We found out on the second and third day, yung mga rescuers from other LGUs.. Di ba ang daming nagpunta? Namamasyal nalang. Dahil they have so much. Meaning, parang naging tourist spot nalang eh. Nagbabangka-bangka sila sa Calumpit at Hagonoy. Well, that means may oversupply na sila ng mga goods. But, there’s one barangay na hindi nila mapuntahan, ng mga trucks. It’s in the Poblacion of Hagonoy. The reason why they can’t get through is may puno na natumba. So what they can do is they go around, so iikot pa sila dun sa barangay center or rescue center kung saan nagdidsitribute ng relief goods. When we went there, ang ginawa namin, dala naming mga tools namin. We had yung mga chainsaw. So pinutol lang namin yung puno and then mas mabilis na ngayon. It was easier. You see, ang dami nating mga tools siguro. Ang other LGUs, nagbilihan ng mga boats. When in fact, we just don’t need boats. Hindi lang boats ang kailangan mo. Especially, rubber boats. Yung mga merong propeller. I don’t know kung nakita mo sa labas yung aming mga boats na kahoy. Yun ang mga umandar sa Bulacan. Yun ang mga maraming narescue. Not yung rubber boats na may propeller. Because kung may propeller, sasabit yun sa mga bakod. Sa mga puno, nahihinto, nabubutas. Pero yung mga Bangka naming kahoy, yun ang pinakamaraming nasave. A: Sir, in terms of implementation, who implemented this? E: MMDA. Kami nag-iimplement talaga. A: Sir, meron pong specific na person? Job po nila yun talaga? Or may volunteers? E: We have. MMDA, under operations, yung office ko, is divided into 4. Traffic management, flood control, third is solid waste management and fourth is HPSEPO. HPSEPO stands for Health, Public Safety, Environmental Protection Office. So meron talagang specific group na yan lang ginagawa. Magrescue ng magrescue. A: So sir, did you get to your target audience? E: Actually, we are not reaching out to the people talaga eh. We are reaching out to the rescuers. So if you ask me, did we get to our target audience? Yes we did. In fact, hindi lang kami umabot. We are even able to train them. Now, the duty naman. The added responsibility of teaching the citizens, well hindi naming mandate. Hindi talaga mandate ng MMDA yun. Although, relatively siguro. It’s part of educational campaign there. This should be left under the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan. It should be the duty of barangay. The local government unit, it’s their duty na sila mag-disseminate kung ano gagawin in case of flood. Now, good example would be Marikina. Umabot talaga sa masa nila. So pag mag-alert level sila, tungkol sa Marikina river, ready to evacuate sila ngayon. So it’s a good model. A: Kita ko nga po may mga rehabilitation sila sa river eh. E: Good model ang Marikina. Marikina, pag bumaha kasi dito, ang first gagawin ng lahat would be to converge in the flood control information center namin. And then, diyan naming nakukuha, we have the technology of determining kung ilan ang rainfall na bumagsak sa bundok. Kasi after one hour, yun yung amount, nacocompute namin ang level of rise ng Marikina or Pasig river. So we have that technology. They go here. The Marikina mayor always calls us. Ilang inches doon, cause after one hour yun ang rise ng level ng Marikina. So dito lahat lagi, any disaster involving Metro Manila. Ang disaster kasi in Metro Manila is not under the NDDRMC, dahil ang Regional Disaster Risk Management chairman for Metro Manila is the MMDA chairman. Unlike other regions, OTD ang chairman doon. Yung Metro Manila, yung MMDA chairman. In effect, we’re on top of any disasters. A: Sir, in your opinion, have you reached your objectives? E: Hindi pa. Hindi pa. Hindi pa natin mareach objectives naming because unang una, we’ll need more training. We still need more equipment and manpower. We have 12 million residents in Metro Manila. And it becomes 14 million pag umaga. A: Pag umaga po? E: 2 million residents of Region 3 and 4 work for Metro Manila. 2 million yun. Malaki talaga. How do you rescue 14 million people? We need manpower. Tokyo Fire District has.. MMDA has 7000 employees. Yung 7000 na yun, hindi yan dedicated to disaster. Secretary naming, yang mga andito sa office. Hindi yan dedicated to disaster. Although natrain na kami, natrain na lahat yan. But hindi sila yung ready na sumugod sab aha. Yung ilan lang na HPSEPO lang. Compare it with Tokyo which has 14 million people. Ang kanilang Tokyo Fire District, yun yung kanilang taga-respond, they have 18,000 firemen. On top of that, wala pa yung volunteers doon. May volunteers pa sila, kaya ang layo. Yung volunteers namin, we ask for volunteers for OPLAN UNOS and other disasters volunteer program. May mga nagrespond naman. We were targeting 3,000. Nagrespond 300. Then after they knew that hindi pala sineswelduhan sila, volunteer nga, ang natira samin mga 100 lang. Although yung 100 na to, dedicated. So imagine, yung actual volunteers, nung nalaman nilang wala palang sweldo, wala palang allowance, ayaw na nila. So mahirap. We should deal upon the people that we need training. Kailangan talaga mag-prepare tayo. Actually, hindi kami takot sa baha ngayon. Mas takot kami sa earthquake. A: Earthquake po? E: Oo. Kung itong pinag-aralan mo, mas matatakot ka. Ang OPLAN Yakal. Pag pinag-aralan mo ito, may mga map kami. Ilan yung mga buildings na babagsak. Yung contingency plan. I don’t know kung narinig mo na ito, ang contingency plan na pag nagstrike ang 7.1 earthquake. Pag inimplement namin ang OPLAN Yakal, ang MOA, yung area ng MOA, yang reclaimed area diyan, would be turned into a public cemetery. Ganon katindi. Sementeryo na yan. And then, Metro Manila would be divided into 4. Dahil magbrebreak up ang Metro Manila sa apat. Kaya medyo nakakatakot! Buti dito ka lang (OPLAN UNOS). A: Sir, will continue implementing yung OPLAN UNOS? E: Yes. Oo. It’s operational. Nagagamit namin. Especially Pedring and Quiel, umabot nga kaming Bulacan. A: Sir, so last question na po. Do you have any plans of modifying them? E: Of course this is a continuing… It’s a learning process. For example, yung Pedring, never naming inexpect yung storm surge sa Manila bay. If there’s another storm surge that would happen, ang projection naming aabot ng Taft Avenue. Layo no? Cocontinue naming. Tuloy-tuloy naman yan. May mga twist kami, dito, doon. Wala naman kasing perfect plan eh. Wala talaga. Sana maperfect din namin. A: Thank you po.   Name: Informant 2, Male Planner: MMDA Length: 24:16 Alex (A): Sir, good morning! I am Ma. Alessandra Dela Cruz, 5th year Communication Research sa UP Diliman. I’m having a study about OPLAN UNOS and it’s for my thesis. Wala pong right or wrong answers. And then your identity will be treated confidentially. All results are for academic purposes. Yung first part po ay sa anaylsis ng OPLAN UNOS. So what are the objectives of OPLAN UNOS? Informant 2 (M): Metro Manila has always been affected by tropical typhoons. So ang pinakapurpose niyan is to equip the personnel, the MMDA, and at the same time to make the agency ready when it comes to the problem that might confront the agency so far as tropical typhoons especially flooding. A: Sir, so sino po yung involved in creating the plan? M: Actually, ano po yan. Ang involved diyan halos lahat ng empleyado ng MMDA na nakabase sa operations. Kaya pag nagkaroon ng baha, halimbawa nagkaroon ng pagbaha, nagkaroon ng bagyo, so lahat ng tao na nasa operations ay involved po diyan sa pagsasagawa ng operations. A: Sir, sino naman po ang magbebenefit from it? M: Definitely the community to benefit from OPLAN UNOS. Especially those that are in the flooding area. A: Ah, so meron na po bang existing campaigns na parang kamuka ng OPLAN UNOS? M: Parang another contingency plan na similar to OPLAN UNOS? So far wala pa. Wala pang ginagawang panibago kasi nung mga nakaraan, kasi dati experimental yan. Noong nagkaroon ng pagbaha, sinubukang i-implement yan, sinubukang i-apply. So very feasible, kaya iyan yung inaadapt ngayon. A: So ano po yung strategies na ginamit niyo sa pag-relay nung message? M: Through the flood control information center. Meron kasi kaming flood control information center diyan lang sa may parking area namin. So kapag nagkaroon ng halimbawa, papasok na bagyo, o kung hindi naman malakas yung ulan, so inaactivate kaaagad yung flood control information center namin. So pag inactivate nila, automatic magbibigay yan ng information, magrerelay yan ng information sa mga troop commanders. A: Ng MMDA po o ng city? M: Yung MMDA. Magbibigay ng information galling sa flood control information center, then the information will be transmitted to the troop commander. Yung troop commander, i-aactivate niya yung grupo niya. So parang ganun yung flow of information. Then pag activated na, kung ano yung status ng operation, mag-rereport sila. They will be reporting facts to the flood control information center para yung lahat ng information, lahat ng reports, icocontribute nila for submission to the NDRRMC. The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council in Camp Aguinaldo. A: Sir, anong communication channels po ang ginagamit nila? M: Ang communication channel, pag may signal, definitely the cellular phone. Kapag walang signal, so radio na lang. A: Did you assign a specific communication channel per area? Or pang-general po? M: Lahat naman kasi may cellphone, yung mga commanders at mga tauhan. So bale, ang ano niyan, individual yung cellular phone. Yung channel ng communication. Pero pag nagkaroon ng disruption ng signal, so ang mangyayari niyan, by group nalang ang channel communication. A: Team leader na lang? M: Oo. Kay team leader, tapos ibaba niya doon sa mga tauhan niya. So pag nagreport naman, yung tauhan, irereport sa team leader then saka ittransmit sa information center. A: Sir, how did you develop the campaign? M: By going to the community level. So pumupunta kami sa community, kasi pag baha kasi, all in one campaign. Kung ayaw magkaroon ng baha, kailangang magkaroon ng kampanya para sa garbage waste disposal. Then yung sa development ng infrastructure, yung mga facilities tulad ng flood control system. Nadevelop yan dahil sa ano. Matagal na yan eh. Kasi laging bumabaha, talagang noon pa, hindi na OPLAN UNOS ang tawag diyan noon. A: Meron na po dati? M: Oo, mga previous previous pa nung unang panahon. Kaya lang hindi nadedevelop ng bago yan. Paulit-ulit lang. Kung ano yung desired ng chairman, yung ang binabago. A: Sir, meron po bang experts na gumawa noon? M: Wala, base sa experience lang namin. Kasi, dito naman sa ano, walang eksperto diyan. Ang solusyon dapat dito sa Metro Manila, yung sa engineering. Alam natin yung problema eh, kaya lang ang government hindi tinitignan yun. May mga projects na masasagot yan. Kasi ang problema natin eh.. Mas okay nga yung malakas ang bagyo eh. A: Bakit po? M: Kasi walang baha. Walang rain. Hindi nag-proproduce ng maraming ulan. Alam mo ba yung Ondoy? Yung Ondoy is a storm. Pag mahina yung hangin, naiipon yung rain clouds. Pag inulan yun, talagang babaha. Gaya ng Ondoy, ang normal natin 185mm. Umulan ng three times ng normal noon, talagang babaha noong Ondoy. Pangalawa, maraming contributory factor yan. Isa pa, yung mga drainage system, hindi na updated. Outdated na, behind 50 years na. A: Ah talaga po, 50 na? M: Oo. Eh dapat 35 lang, ginagawa na yan, nirere-engineering na. Eh nag-exceed na. A: Sir were the guidelines and facilitation manuals ng OPLAN UNOS? M: Meron. Inaactivate lang during typhoons. Gaya niyan. Ano yan eh, functional na yan. Nagfufunction na. Pag may red alert, doon kami sa FCIC, meron kaming duty doon. Meron dun, makikita mo doon kung paano nagdedevelop ang typhoons. A: Sir, namention po kanina na parang binibigay niyo po sa LGU, may information po sa LGU. Meron po ba kayong tools for rescue na ibinibigay sa kanila or ipinapahiram? M: Hindi. Ang local government? Meron silang sarili. A: Ah wala pong binibigay from dito? M: Wala. Nagsusupport lang kami kapag hindi na nila kaya. Ito yung capacity na, pag overwhelming na yung problema, yung hazard, kami susupport. Halimbawa, pwede kami hanggang probinsya. Kalibo, kami ang nag-clean up ng wholeKalibo. Pangasinan, kami ang nag-restore ng 2,200 houses in Pangasinan. Rehabilitation yun. A: Sir yung MMDA po ang nag-iimplement nung campaign. Yung mga tao po ba na yun ay volunteer o trabaho talaga nila yun? M: Meron kaming organization dito. MMDA employees din, karamihan diyan ay task force. Kasi may traffic, flood control, merong iba-ibang services. Clearing, meron clearing. Sa task forces yan. Meron kaming task forces composed of 30 persons. Doon sa mga flood prone areas, kaya lang kung ganon-ganon, sa tingin ko, parang reactive. Alam mo yung reactive? Hindi proactive. Dapat diyan, ang pinaplano natin, kung paano yung.. Kung flood prone areas yan, pag-aralan natin kung paanong hindi babaha. Paulit-ulit na lang yan, di ba? Kasi ang motivation natin sa government o sa mga leaders natin, nakafocus sila sa relief. Di sila nakafocus sa mitigation or prevention. Kasi instead na gumastos ka sa relief, mag-focus ka sa prevention or mitigation. Hindi ka na magrerelief. A: Mas long-term. M: Long-term talaga.Yan ang sinasabi ko. Kasi sa Metro Manila, may mga flood control systems. Diyan nagfofocus yung mga ano. Kaya nga bakit kami nag-OPLAN UNOS, either proactive yan or reactive. Pwedeng ganon. Kaya ginawa ang plano na yan kasi yun ang problema. Laging ganon ang problema. Kaya gagawa ka ng plano. A: Sir sino po yung pinakatarget niyo para matutunan yun? M: Lahat. Kasi dapat lahat ng Pilipino ay alam yung disaster management, individual. Kasi kung meron tayong individual preparedness at tsaka dapat may plano tayo, at tayo dapat ay concerned. Yung disposal of garbage, yan ang isang contributory causes of flood. A: Na-iinvite niyo po ba lahat ng tao doon? M: Sa barangay bumababa kami. Nag-lelecture kami sa barangay lalo na sa disaster preparedness, binabanggit namin yan. A: Ano naman po sila, nag-cocooperate naman po sila? M: Mahirap mag-cooperate hanggat hindi mo pinapatay ang tao. Pag nakita nila, uy anong nangyari diyan? Pinatay mo ang nagtapon ng basura! Yan ang ano natin eh. Pero sa ibang bansa masunurin tayo. Pero sa ating bayan, hindi tayo masunurin. Kasi ano, tama yung ano. Iniisip ko na yung talagang pangkalahatan. Kung titignan mo sa side na ito, ang pinakamagaling si Marcos. Tama yung direksyon niya. Tama yung path niya. Kasi yung demokrasya, walang mangyayari sa buhay natin. Lalo na sa ugali ng Pilipino. Di ba? Hindi applicable. Tsaka sabi nga, democracy is not applicable in undeveloped countries. Like the Philippines. Hindi applicable yun. Mag-pinpoint ka ng bansang Asian na umasenso ng hindi dumaan ng diktatura. A: Oo nga noh. M: Di ba? Sige turo ka ngayon. Turo ka. Lahat yan, dumaan ng dictator. O di ba? Kasi kung demokrasya tayo. Kasi ang system natin. Sinasabi ko lang yan sayo, kasi yung mga plano na yan, nagiging sarswela nalang. Paulit-ulit. A: Oo nga po. Sir, sa opinion niyo po ba na-achieve niyo na yung goals ng OPLAN UNOS? M: Na-aachieve yan pag may unos. Kaya lang OPLAN UNOS ang purpose niyan saving lives. A: Sir, ano po yung mga hindrances, yung mga pumigil po, para maachieve yung goals ng OPLAN UNOS? M: Sa OPLAN UNOS, walang naghihindrance niyan. Walang pipigil niyan. Wala yan. A: So tuloy-tuloy lang po? M: Tuloy-tuloy yan! Kaya lang makikita yung… Yung OPLAN UNOS, specifically, response yan. A: Satisfied naman po kayo? M: Oo. Kaya lang. Kung ganon ang gagawin nating OPLAN UNOS, hindi solution yan. Pansamantala lang. A: Sir, last question nap o. Do you have any plans na baguhin yung campaign? M: Hindi na. Ano naman yan, visit sa community. Ang kailangan hard effort tsaka kailangan talaga. Kasi kahit may effort ka sa barangay, eto nga yung joke namin eh. Alam mo ang alam ng mga pinuno natin at leader, ang nasa isip nilang landslide ay landslide lang sa elections. Kaya ang hirap eh. Gaya ng Manila. Nag-kausap na kami diyan. Lahat: barangay captain, councilor, kagawad, pagdating sa Manila, nakalimutan na. They spent 36 million para magseminar outside Metro Manila gaya ng Cebu, Boracay, ako speaker. Sinasabi ko yan. Na ready yung MMDA.Libre yung MMDA. Para sa awareness level niyo, para malaman na. At tsaka paano nila oorganize yung disaster sa community level nila. Kasi ang first line of defense sa disaster is yung community. Sila yun eh. Kasi halimbawa, kami, or city level. Pag yan ay nagkaroon ng bagyo o matinding disaster, hindi maka-response yan sa lahat. Hindi mo marespondahan yan. Eh kung ilan ang barangay mo? 142 example. Ang apekatado is 42. Hindi na kaya ng city na iresponse yun. Bakit? Ilan lang ang response team ng city? Wala pang 200. Paano mo gagawin yun? Kaya kailangan talaga ang barangay ang magturo at matuto. Kasi kung magmomobilize doon eh yung city, yung mga rescue team nay an, yung mga response team na yan, may apektado rin at hindi makapag-report. Talagang within the community ang dapat i-organize. Yan ang pinakamagaling na starting point. Sila ang tuturuan mo, ihammer out sa kanila, i-enhance sa kanila. Kasi kung hindi, iaasa mo yan sa taas. Eh ang experience ng Ondoy, ang nangyari doon, bago ka kami makamobilize ng tao, it took 48 hours. Tsaka ang laki-laki ng problema. Pati international, multinational, nagkaroon ng mga lapses sa protocol. Kasi dapat Asian Disaster Preparedness Management Council muna tayo. Una muna magresponse yun bago yung international, yung US. Eh nauna yung United Nations. Kaya nagkaroon ng lapses sa protocol, hindi naentertain. Kaya nung lumabas sa response ng US, volunteer sila. Pero ano yun sa protocol. So yun. May mga plano tayo na magaganda, kaya lang unahin muna natin yung mitigation measures. Planuhin muna. Tuloy natin mga previous plan ng administration. Kasi ang sistema ng political systems, vindictive. Halimbawa, ikaw naging president. Ako susunod. Lahat ng projects mo, titigil ko lahat yun. Kasi baka mamaya pag natuloy ko, sisikat ka pa. Example lang. Yung flood control system natin, actually ang ganda nung plano ni Marcos diyan. Yung Pasig floodway, yung papuntang Laguna lake, actually may purpose yan eh. Gagawan ng underground outlet yan across Paranaque coming from Laguna lake. Ang ganda nun. Hindi na papasok ng Metro Manila ang baha. O di ba? Pagdating ng next administration, pinatay niya yun. At walang alternative plan. Kawawa tayo. Dito samin, may OPLAN Yakal kami, OPLAN Lindol. Disaster preparedness din yun. Organizing the barangay. Kasi ang kinakatakutan namin lindol. Hindi kami takot sa bagyo. Wala yan, bagyo yan eh. Pag dumaan naman dito yan, mas gusto pa namin malakas para walang baha. Tsaka makatulong pa yung bagyo pag malakas, tumba yung billboard wala kaming problema sa pagtumba. A: Thank you Sir.

Name: Informant 3, Female Planner: Marikina Length: 18:16 Alex (A): Ako po si Ma. Alessandra Dela Cruz, from UP Diliman, 5th year Communication Research. Tapos po, yung topic ko, tungkol po sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Yun pong interview na ‘to, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Ang inyo pong pagkakakakilanlan ay itatago at ang pagrerecord po ay ginagamit lang sa data gathering tsaka po ang lahat ng resulta ay para sa pang-akademikong layunin. So noong tumawag po ako dito sa Marikina City Hall, kayo po nirefer nila na namumuno daw po sa OPLAN UNOS. Informant 3 (X): Actually, kasi, masyadong specific kasi pag OPLAN UNOS. Sa amin kasi, dito sa Marikina, though Marikina ay kilala sa pagka-flood prone sa buong siyudad, dito sa NCR. Yung OPLAN UNOS kasi, kinompress na namin siya. Kaya nag-create ang council, ang 6-city council ngayon ng Disaster Mitigation Management Committee. Which is. Yun ang aking. Ako ang chairman doon. But hindi naman ibig sabihin noon na ako lahat ang namamahala. Hindi pa rin. May kanya-kanya kasing ano. Kung baga, organizational chart yan na under pa rin kaming city councilors ng city mayor. And at the same, meron pa rin kaming batas na ipapasa when it comes to disaster. Ako yung mangunguna para doon. Isasalang sa plenaryo namin, then ako ang makikipag-deliberate para maipasa ang batas na ito. Ordinansya man yun o.. Magkaiba ang trabaho ng legislation branch ng Marikina doon sa executive branch namin which is yun yung mga implementor. Yun yung nasa city hall. Mga department head tapos mga kasama doon. Ayun naman, sa amin, OPLAN UNOS kasi, katulad ng sinabi ko kanina, inisa na namin yun. Earthquake, flood, and then at the same time, yung fire. And kahit anong disaster ang mangyari, inisa na namin yun. Kaya nakabuo kami ng, nakapagpasa kami ng batas sa council, sa konseho, na patungkol doon sa sinasabing “Disaster Code” sa Marikina. So sa Disaster Code na yun, andoon na lahat yung mga dapat gawin. Yung plano, andoon na rin. Kung sino yung magpapaimplement noon, andoon siya lahat. Kung baga ang isang ordinansang yun, package na siya. Hindi na kami focused sa unos, o sa typhoon o bagyo. At the same time sa flood, sa earthquake and then, kahit anong mga disaster. A: So yun po ang tawag sa Marikina. Disaster Code. X: Yes po. Disaster Code. A: So yun po ba ay trabaho ninyo o meron din pong volunteers na katulong po kayo? X: Yun nga po. Nabanggit ko nga po kanina, when it comes sa.. Kaming mga legislator, mga council, councilor rather, ang trabaho namin ay magpasa ng batas. Then iba yung implementor noon, which is the executive branch. But, yung nabanggit mo ngang volunteer, yun yung ibig sabihin noon kung ilan na yung mismong manpower namin. And at the same time, pwedeng volunteer pero mostly kasi talagang empleyado ng city hall. Naka-incorporate siya sa Disaster Management Office ng Marikina. So yun yung mga ano. Like Rescue 161 and then yung mga fire marshall namin, in case of may fire naman. Ano siya eh, marami sa ibang branches. Then, yung mga volunteers na sinasabi mo, dagdagan ko na lang din ha? Yung mga volunteers kasi, mostly NGOs. Like Philippine National Red Cross, meron kaming chapter dito sa Marikina. Minsan yung mga volunteer namin nag-aano din sila sa amin. Kung baga, parang nag-ooffer din sila sa amin ng training and seminar at noong hindi lang, hindi lang last year, ever since naman, maski hindi pa kami nakaupo, ano naman sila doon. Consistent sila sa ginagawa nilang yun. Then ang mga target kasi, mostly yung mga nasa, yung nasa river malapit. Like yung Barangay Tumana, Malanday.. A: So, sa tingin po ba ninyo yung mga tagapagpatupad po ng OPLAN UNOS o Disaster ay may kapangyarihan para mapasunod yung ibang mga tao? X: What do you mean by ibang tao? A: Yung mga residente po. Di ba po, kung baga, kayo po yung mga leaders. Yun pong mga followers po. X: Actually, yung part namin as a leader, as a public servant, ginagawa namin yung part namin para sa kabutihan naman nila. Kaya lang minsan, masasabi natin na kahit anong ipaintindi natin sa mga constituents natin na ito ang kailangan, kasi delikado sa inyo. Meron pa ring parang, hindi ko alam kung paano ko iwoword, pero meron pa ring mga taong “matitigas ang ulo”. Pero ginagawan pa rin namin yun ng paraan. Yun ang tinatawag naming forced evacuation doon sa mga evacuees sa mga affected areas na nakalagay din siya sa Disaster Code. Hindi ko lang matandaan kung anong section doon. But hindi naman ibig sabihin noon na pwershan talaga. Di ba? Kailangan pa rin kung baga, andoon na nga sila, affected sila. Kailangan pa rin pakiusapan mo sila pa rin in a nice way pa rin. So ayun. A: So ayun, sino po pala yung target audience ng Disaster Code? X: Halos lahat. Especially those citizens of Marikina na nakatira doon sa mga prone areas namin. Like yung sa mga Barangay Tumana nga, Barangay IBC, Barangay Malanday, Barangay Nangka, Barangay Tanong. Lahat naman kasama. Lahat naman eh ineencourage naman namin na umattend ng trainings. But mostly talaga, medyo, hindi naman, wala kaming paborito. Pero mas pinaprioritize namin yung mga mismong apektado. Tinuturuan namin kung ano yung mga first thing na dapat gawin. A: Ano po yung mga activities na sinalihan nila? Yung mga tao po na tumutugon sa.. X: Actually, yung training seminar namin. Lalo na ang Disaster Management Office ng Marikina nakikipag-incorporate sa Red Cross which is meron silang mga authorized doon na mga nagttrain, and then trainors doon, na yun ang tinatap namin para makababa. And then ang suporta ng city andoon din, when it comes naman sa mga kakailanganing materials. So, ayun. And then, actually noong nakaraan, noong aking natatandaan. Naging active din kami sa mga programs a yun, and then noong mapunta ako sa Barangay Tumana, napaka-effective noong training namin na yun. Drills, seminar. Pinakita namin kung ano ang unang gagawin. Actually hindi ko na masabi yung sa dami kasi noong title ng projects and program na yun. Magcicite na lang ako ng isa. Yung sa Barangay Tumana nga, nagkaroon kami ng free seminar doon. Right after yun ng bagyong Falcon o Pedring ata. Hindi ko lang maremember eh, sa dami din kasi din. A: Ano po yung implikasyon na naidulot ng Disaster Code sa target audience? X: Eh syempre, yung implikasyon, kung baga, parang natuto sila. Tipong ganoon. Ngayon, kapag may disaster, not only the flood and the typhoon, at least alam nila yung first thing to do when it comes to disaster na earthquake, fire and flood. Mostly, yan kasi mga common eh. Pero wag naman sana na mangyari ulit di ba. (Knocks on wood.) So at least ngayon, prepared sila, aware sila and at the same time, alam nila kung ano yung pwede nilang matakbuhan. A: Mam, meron na po bang mga specific na tao na bumalik sa inyo para po magpasalamat? X: Halos lahat. Halos lahat naman. Lalo na yung Barangay Tumana, Barangay Nangka. A: Paano po naikalat ng implementers po yung impormasyon ng Disaster Code? X: Ayun nga, kami nakatingin sa lahat ng any kind of disaster. At ano yan, tumutulong diyan ang PIO (Public Information Office) namin sa pagpapakalat ng mga fliers, ng mga tarpaulin. And at the same time meron kaming LED band na pinapakita yun doon. Bawat barangay may schedule ng barangay doon. Meron palang ganitong program, tas nakaschedule doon. Halimbawa, sa Barangay Tumana. Next month doon kami bababa para sa seminar and training. At least, yung plano namin, unti-unti, nagagawa naman namin. A: Ano po yung mahalagang elemento po sa pagdidistribute ng information? X: Pinakamahalaga syempre, pagbibigay ng info na kumpleto, detalyado. Syempre, kailangan yun. Not only by means of flyers, not only by means of tarpaulin or et cetera. Kailangan diyan yung paano mo maipapakita doon sa tao na itong programa at proyekto na ito ay para sa kanila. Kaya dapat talaga, in a nice way, sa maayos na paraan yung pagbibigay ng information sa kanila. A: Ano po yung mga hamon at isyu na nararanasan nila sa pagpapatupad nito? X: Before, hindi pa ako nakaupo. Hindi pa nakaupo yung mayor namin, before binabanggit nila na hindi pa prepared dahil sa Ondoy. Kasi marami ngang casualties, halos sa Marikina yung casualties na yun. Like yung sa Antipolo or sa Montalban na dinala lang dito dahil inagos kaagad. May mga ganoong issue, may mga ganoong negative feedback. Pero yun nga, doon sa mga negative na yun, doon ka naman matututo. Yun ang dapat ay hindi na mangyari just in case na merong disaster. Ang target namin, zero casualties. Yun yung dating fini-feedback samin. Sabi kulang pa daw sa mga equipment na panagip, sabi ganon. Pero ngayon naman ay pinupunan namin paunti-unti. Hindi naman sa isang snap lang ng finger, andiyan na automatic. Hindi naman namin kayang mag-magic ng ganoon. Kasi marami kaming pagdadaanang proseso dahil nakabudget yan, kailangan nakalagay sa procurement, so at least this coming 2012, medyo mas maisettle namin ng mas maayos. And sa admin nga namin, first time naming makapag-create ng isang Marikina Disaster Office. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, naisakatuparan na po ba yung inyong mga layunin? X: Oo! Kasi yung mga layunin namin andoon na rin sa batas eh. Kung ano yung nilagay namin sa loob ng objectives namin. A: Napagtibay na nga po. X: Matibay na yun! Kasi naipasa na yan, sagrado yan, batas yan. Hindi pwedeng hindi pansinin or hindi i-implement kasi mandatory yan. So ayun. A: Ano po yung nakatulong po para makamit niyo po iyon? X: Nakatulong sa akin, syempre una, yung pulong ng mga taong nag-crack noon. Yung mga taong talagang pinag-puyatan namin yun para maiayos namin at marami siyang pinagdaanan. Nagpublic hearing. So, alam namin na may mga mali. Pero unti-unting nabago. Hanggang sa maipasa na namin. A: Sino po ba yung gumawa nun? X: Halos lahat noong 6-City Council. Lalo na yung mga members ko. Mga konsehal na miyembro mismo. Minsan mga technical staff. Pero hindi ko naman inaangkin lahat yung honor. Hindi tayo ganoong klaseng tao. Syempre, sinasabi ko na hindi ko yan magagawa kung wala sila. A: Ano naman po yung mga naging sagabal? X: Siguro yung time. A: Yung time constraint? X: Kasi masyado naming hinahabol eh. Parang anytime kasi baka magkaroon ng disaster. Kaya kailangan mabilisan. Pero doon sa mabilisan na yun, kailangan sure yung mga moves na kailangang gawin. Bawat areas or section doon, kapag ibababa mo sa public hearing, kailangan alam mo kung paano sagutin. Ang huling nakinita namin na hindrance namin doon ay time. Kasi hindi mo na maibabalik ang oras eh, mabilis siyang masyado. Siguro, it took mga 2 months, before maipass yung ordinance. Not only two, baka nga mahigit pa eh. So, kahit paano naman, doon sa 2 months na yun o mahigit 2 months, nagawa namin yung mga dapat gawin. A: Nasiyahan po kayo sa mga nagawa niyo po na yun? X: Of course, definitely. Sino ba namang tao ang hindi matutuwa? Kahit ordinaryong tao di ba. Makapagbigay ka lang ng konting opinyon, or idea, na which is talagang maraming nakinabang. Di ba? Talagang matutuwa. Eh sa akin pa kaya na halos lahat ay napagbigyan. Naiayos unti-unti. Lalo na yung number one na problema sa Marikina, yung kaligtasan. Sobrang happy and at the same time, kasi kahit papaano napuri. Pero ang lagi kong sinasagot, hindi lang ako. Kasama ang mga miyembro. Kasi hindi ko kaya yan na maipasa yun na mag-isa. 6-City Council ang nagpasa niyan. A: Gusto niyo po bang maipagpatuloy po? X: Of course. Until now naman, karereorg lang namin ng committees, but still, nasa akin pa rin naman. A: Hanggang kailan niyo po balak ipatupad yun? X: Mga habang hindi pa naaamyendahan yung batas. (Laughs.) Andito pa rin kami, syempre. At kung meron pa ring iimprove sa batas na yun, mas maiayos. A: Meron po ba kayong balak na pagbabago sa Disaster Code? X: Yun nga, sabi ko, kung ano pa yung pwedeng iimprove. A: Open naman po kayo. X: Maski sa implementation. Amyendahan kaagad. A: Last na po. Ano po yung pinakagusto niyo pong idagdag? X: Ako, siguro, ang pinakagusto kong idagdag yung halos lahat mapakiusapan namin. Kailangan lahat makipag-cooperate. Not only doon sa prone areas, sa mga citizens namin doon. Sana lahat. Mayaman man o mahirap. Kasi kung mayaman ka, hindi lang dapat sa mayaman ang titingnan natin. Dapat lahat. Yun yung improvement na polishing namin doon sa ano. A: Thank you po. X: Thank you very much rin.   Name: Informant 4, Male Area In-Charge: Barangay Nangka Length: 05:40 Alex (A): Good afternoon po! I am Ma. Alessandra Dela Cruz from UP Diliman, tapos meron po akong thesis tungkol sa OPLAN UNOS. Yun po yung pinapatupad ng MMDA for rescue and mitigation kapag po may disasters. Informant 4 (R): OPLAN UNOS? A: Opo. Yun po yung . R: Di ba eto yung bagong ano ng MMDA? A: Sabi po ni Mam Mary Joy (Sec), dito po yung Emergency Response Team po yun. So ayun po. Wala pong tama o maling sagot, yung pong identity niyo po ay itatago at lahat po ng resulta ay para sa pang-akademikong layunin. Yung una pong tanong, sino po ang nagpatupad ng Emergency Response Team po dito? R: Ano ba to, yung barangay? A: Opo, sa barangay po. Barangay Nangka. R: Dito kasi sa barangay, mayroon kasi kaming binuong committee dito. Meron dito, sa kagawad namin. Na bumuo kami kapag may biglaang unos. Kung saan merong mga tao, kung saan may warning, doon kami gumagawi sa Marikina, sa may river part. Diyan sa may Marikina river. Meron kasi kami doong water level. Kung saan, halimbawa, umabot na siya ng first alarm, 15, kasing taas na ng water level. Ibig sabihin noon, pagka-17, kailangan ilikas na namin yung mga tao. Ayun, ganon yung ginagawa namin. Meron kaming nilalagay na mga tao doon na. Tapos yung mga tauhan rin ng barangay, inako na rin namin. A: Sir, ayun po ba ay kanila pong trabaho? O sila po ay volunteers? Yung pong mga nagpapatupad. R: Meron din kami ditong volunteer. A: Ah meron din po. Lahat po sila ay taga-barangay Nangka? R: Taga-Barangay Nangka. A: Opisyal po ba sila ng gobyerno o meron din pong sibilyan? R: Pareho. A: Yun pong mga tagapagpatupad po noon, nung Emergency Response Team, may ibang kapangyarihan po sa ibang audience? R: Oo. May impluwensya naman sila. Nakikinig naman sa kanila. A: Sino po yung kanilang target audience? R: Yung mga andoon. Sa settlement. Kasi sila talaga yung malapit sa ilog. A: Malayo po ba yun dito, Kap? R: Medyo malayo. Mga 2 kilometers. A: Tumutugon naman po sila sa mga tawag ng Emergency Response Team? R: Oo, yung iba. Yung iba hindi rin. A: Yung iba pong yun, lumahok po ba sila sa mga activities na ginagawa ng Emergency Response Team? R: Oo. Pag may activities, andiyan sila. Meron kaming mga trainings na ginagawa. A: Nakukumbinsi niyo po sila doon sa mga trainings? R: Oo. A: Tungkol saan po yung mga trainings, Kap? R: Syempre tungkol sa disaster. First aid. A: Ano po yung naidulot ng Emergency Response Team sa mga nasa depressed areas? R: Ayun, napapabuti naman. Nagiging handa sila. Lalo na kapag may bagyo.. Dati kasi, nung wala pa niyan, mahirap mag-organize. Ngayon, pati sila sa sarili nila, may kusa na. Natuturuan sila, gaya nung sa Red Cross. A: Paano po naikalat nung implementers yung impormasyon na gustong ihatid ng Emergency Response Team sa depressed areas po? R: Kumuha kasi kami ng ano doon, sa bawat isang alley, isang tao ang naka-assign. Ang sinasabi kong alley, yung maliliit na kanto. Meron isang tao doon na namamahala, pinakaleader. A: Tapos sila po yung nagmamanage. R: Oo. A: Ano po yung hamon at isyu na naranasan niyo po sa pagpapatupad ng Emergency Response Team? R: Ayun, yung mga taong pasaway. Yung mga ayaw sumunod. Kasi minsan, naiipit sila doon sa baba kasi ayaw nilang umalis. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, naisakatuparan na ba ang inyong layunin? R: Oo. A: Nasiyahan naman po kayo sa ginawa niyong pagsasakatuparan nito, o may kulang pa? R: Oo, masaya naman ako sa naging resulta. A: Gusto mo bang ipagpatuloy ang pagpapatupad nito? Hanggang kelan? R: Oo, hanggat nakakatulong sa mga nakatira dito. Habang nasa pwesto pa ako, itataguyod ko yang Emergency Response Team. Syempre gusto namin tuloy-tuloy yan A: Huling tanong po, mayroon po ba kayong anumang plano ng pagbabago para sa kampanya? R: Wala na. Sa tingin ko ok na yan. Wala ng kailangang baguhin. Sa tingin ko, yun nalang. Kasi mas malilito pag maraming pagbabago. Kaya yan na lang. A: Salamat po!

  Name: Informant 5, Female Area In-Charge: Barangay Tumana Length: 10:27 Alex (A): Good afternoon po, ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Tapos po meron po akong ginagawang thesis tungkol sa OPLAN UNOS. Yung OPLAN UNOS po, under po noon yung One Team Tumana. So ang focus interview po na ito ay walang tama o maling sagot. Ang inyo pong pagkakakilanlan ay itatago at ang pagrecord ng panayam ay ginagamit lang sa data gathering. Yun po. Ang unang tanong po alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa One Team Tumana? Informant 5 (S): Oo. A: Paano niyo po nalaman ang tungkol dito? S: Kasi, dito sa barangay, nagbuo kami ng bawat isang head sa bawat area namin. May head kami ng GSO, may head ng minero, head ng sweeper. Ako head ako ng ano. Bale kami ang nag-aayos. Kaya naman kami ang napili ni Kap na bumuo ng One Team Tumana dahil kami ang nasa labas at nasa barangay, nasa loob din. Bawat isa sa amin may mga kanya-kanya kaming kakayanan. Iba-iba. A: Trabaho niyo po ba ito o volunteer? S: Volunteer! As in may mga ano rin kami sa barangay. A: So, nakatira po kayo dito o bumibisita lang para magturo? S: Oo, matagal na. A: Sino po yung target audience niyo? S: Mga residente ng Tumana, syempre. Yan. Sumusunod naman sila. A: Ano po yung mga implikasyon na dulot ng OPLAN UNOS sa target audience?

S: Malaking tulong din eh. Kasi hindi ka na maliligaw. Hindi na mashoshock. Hindi noong naranasan ng Ondoy na nagpanic kami dahil walang nag-alarm na malaki na pala ang ilog. Walang nagsabi na lumikas. Kaya noong pag-upo ni Kap, lahat pinag-seminar. Kaya pag may dumating na sakunang ganito, hindi na kami malilito sa bawat isa. At masasabi na rin namin sa tao. Unang una, noong meron kaming activity na hindi nayari, at napunta kami sa isang lugar, magagamit mo yung itinuro sayo.

A: Paano niyo po naikalat ang impormasyon tungkol sa OPLAN UNOS sa mga residente?

S: Nag-seminar kami sa Christian. Sa Blue Wave, San Mateo. Ngayon, napagkaisahan namin na kami ang mag-seminar doon sa Red Cross. Kami ang napili ngayon ni Kap na maging isang grupo na magpapaseminar tungkol sa disaster kasi kami yung unang unang nakapagseminar sa mga paanong gagawin namin, ang bawat isa sa amin. Ayun. Ang sinabi samin ni Kap, kung ano yung binigay sa inyo at hanggang saan ang kakayanan ninyo, hanggang doon lang kayo. Wag na kayong kukuha ng. Yung trabahong ibinigay sayo, yun na lang. Para hindi tayo magkakagulo-gulo. Mahirap kasi yung inako mo na yung isa at hindi mo nagawa yung isa rin. Kaya yung bawat isa sa amin, may kanya-kanya rin. Halimbawa ako, napunta ako sa evacuation center, mag-assist sa mga teacher doon. Kung paano ko tatanggapin yung mga nag-evacuate. Yung mga nasa baha, yung mga nailikas na. I-aarea ko ngayon sa mga kwarto-kwarto kung saan yung mga may sakit, pagsasama-samahin. Yung mga bata, sa isang kwarto. Yung mga matatanda, sa isang kwarto din. A: Ano po yung mga materyales na ginamit niyo para po doon sa One Team Tumana? S: Yung mga ginamit namin, meron kaming mga brochures. May mga diploma kami ng pagseseminar kung papaano, kung papaano uumpisahan ang pagrerescue namin. Kung paano namin gagalawan ang isang tao. Kasi tayo, pag may nadidisgrasya, nashoshock na. Kung tutulong ba tayo o ano, di ba? Ang ginawa namin, pinagseminar sa mga sakuna kung ano ang dapat gawin. A: Ano po ang pinakamahalagang elemento sa pag-disseminate ng impormasyong ito?

S: Pagtutulong-tulong namin na pagkakaisa. Wala kaming ginawang.. Meron kaming ginawang pamamaraan na dapat naming gampanan na iwasan na ang mga sakuna. Kasi ang hirap ng mga tao. Na hindi na magkakalito-lito. Yun.

A: Ano ang mga hamon at mga isyu na nararanasan ng ang mga implementers sa pagpapatupad nito?

S: Wala naman. Kasi nagtutulungan naman kami. Kung hindi alam ng isa, nagkakaroon kami ng groupings. Ganoon. Wala naman sa ganoon eh.

A: Sa inyong opinyon, naisakatuparan na ba ang inyong mga layunin?

S: Hindi pa masyado. Merong sa amin na ang sabi ay hindi raw namin nagagamit. Hindi pa kami nabibigyan ng go para mag-seminar sa tao. Dito sa Barangay Tumana. Kasi kulang pa yung kaalaman namin eh. Kaya kung saan-saan kami pinag-seseminar. Kailangan lahat yun mas matutunan.

A: Ano po yung nakatulong para maabot niyo po ang layunin niyo?

S: Yung pagkakaisa namin na walang matalino, walang bobo at walang nakatingin sa taas. Yung tingin niya sa sarili niya na mataas na talaga siya. Mabababa na kaming lahat. Kasi isa akong One Team Tumana at isa ako sa nagbuo ng One Team Tumana sa barangay. A: Ano naman po naging hadlang para hindi niyo magawa yung layunin niyo?

S: Yung hindi mahalaga. Yung pag-iimbot sa tao. Yang kaplastikan. Kailangan kung ano ang nasa loob mo, sabihin mo. Para hindi mabuwag yung pinagsamahan niyo. Ilang buwan palagi nagseseminar, kung saan-saan kami napapadala sa mga seminar ng disaster. Nahulog ang bawat isa sa amin na magkaisa. At kung ano yung nalalaman namin, ipinamahagi din namin sa tao.

A: Gusto mo bang ipagpatuloy ang pagpapatupad ng mga ito? Bakit o bakit hindi? Hanggang kailan ito dapat ipatupad? S: Oo. Hanggang, habang kaya lang namin. Hanggang buhay na talaga yata. Maski saan na kami, tumutulong na kami eh. Hanggang sa nabubuhay kami, kahit hindi na nakakapaglingkod si Kap, edi kami naman ang magpapatuloy.

A: Mayroon po ba kayong anumang mga plano ng pagbabago ng ng kampanya? Ano po yung mga babaguhin sa One Team Tumana para mapaganda ‘to?

S: Habang may binibigay samin na libreng seminar, tuloy lang. Para madagdagan yung kaalaman namin. Na hindi lang sa isang ganito lang kami nagseminar. Para madagdagan ng madagdagan ang aming kaalaman. A: Opo. Ayun po. Salamat po.   Name: Informant 6, Male Area-in-Charge: Barangay Tañong Length: 19:50 Alex (A): Sir I am Ma. Alessandra Dela Cruz, 5th year Communication Research from UP Diliman. I’m writing a thesis about MMDA OPLAN UNOS pero dito daw po sa Barangay Tañong, Barangay Tañong Rescue Team po ang tawag doon. Tapos yun pong focus interview na ito, walang tama o maling sagot. Yung pagrerecord po para lang po sa data gathering at akademikong layunin. So yung anong tanong po, sino po yung nagpatupad ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? Informant 6 (R): Well, ang nagpatupad nito ay yung barangay. And then sinuportahan ng sangguniang barangay at yan ay nakipagcoordinate sa bawat homeowners’ official and then the maintenance and barangay tanods. A: Sir, lahat po ba doon ay barangay officials o may mga volunteers din? R: May mga volunteers din. Meron kaming mga volunteers especially doon sa mga high risk na lugar. Provident Village and the Tuazon Ville homeowners. Risky talaga diyan pagdating ng bagyo. A: So sila po ba ay nakatira sa lugar, yung mga volunteer, o bumibisita lang po para tumulong? R: Residente. A: So sa tingin po ba ninyo yun po bang mga tagapagpatupad ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team ay meron pong parang kapangyarihan or influence over the residents? R: Well authority.. Hindi mo masasabihang magkakaroon ng authority when it comes to disaster. Kasi ano yan eh, kung baga hindi naman natin ineexpect yung mga ganyang situations so walang authority diyan. Not unless na lang na ikaw ay recognized ng Barangay Tañong as a member of the Risk Reduction Management Council. Yun lang yung parang lumalabas na authority. A: Sir yun po bang mga ginagawa ng rescue team pag lang po talagang may disaster or kahit po ibang araw? Kunwari po, nagttraining po ba sila? R: Well kasi ang masasabi ko diyan yung sa preparedness na ganyan, pine-prepare yan during May. Kasi iba-iba naman ang events na nangyayari. For example, this month of January, bat ka naman kinakailangang mag-prepare eh alam mo namang by the first quarter of the year ay puro payment of taxes. A: So depende po sa season. R: Yes. Depende talaga yan. Yung mga ganyang bagay, pineprepare talaga yan. Depende sa medication. A: Sir, so sino po yung target audience po ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Ang una talagang nakikinabang diyan, Provident Village River Side. Yan yung mga residente na medyo mababa and then mapapansin mo yung creek nila, yung mga drainage nila, yun na, bumubulwak na yung tubig. So doon talaga kami nakafocus. And then yung Tuazon Ville. A: Paano po sila naiimbitahan o napupuntahan? R: Sa communication ba? Pagdating naman sa communication, antimano, kapag naka-alert level na tayo sa 15, 16, 17. Depende, depende naman sa lugar. Kasi sa District 2, pagdating sa level 15, 16, 17, yun talaga ang risky. Medyo mataas ang alert level namin Nasa 16, 17, 18. Pero kung susumahin mo, talagang ang risky sa amin 19-22. Yung mga ganoong bagay, meron ng naka-1-2 samin. Ibig sabihin ng naka-1-2 meron nang nakaposte doon sa mga lugar and then titingnan nila kung ano ang status ng ilog sa dike. And then minamanmanan din nila yung mga drainage kung bumubulwak na yung tubig. Ngayon, nasa discretion naman yan ng mga residente kung gusto na nilang lumikas o hindi. Meron talagang matitigas ang ulo. Andoon na tayo, nagbibigay na tayo ng anunsyo pero yung iba matitigas ang ulo. Pero yung mga nagkaroon na talaga ng trauma, medyo konting ano palang, bagyo-bagyo, likas na. A: Sir, yung mga nakaposte po doon, sila po yung nagrereport sa inyo na? R: Yes. Andoon din yung mga sasakyan na nakaready for the evacuation center. A: Nabanggit niyo po na meron pong iba na hindi sumusunod kaagad. Eh yun naman pong iba, ano naman po ang tugon nila? R: Well, yung iba.. Ang Provident Village kasi, hindi porket village yan eh puro high-end ang nakatira diyan. Merong site ng river, yung river side, medyo depressed yan eh. Yun talaga ang halos humihingi palagi ng tulong. Yung mga elite naman kasi, may mga sariling sasakyan, so agad sila nakakaalis doon pag gusto nila. A: Ano naman po yung mga implikasyon na dulot ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team sa kanila? R: Well yung implication? Noong after ng bagyong Ondoy, maraming namatay. So sa amin po siguro, yung malessen yun nangyari. Nalessen yung nabawasan ng buhay. Sa ngayon po medyo sumusunod na yung ibang residente sa amin. Prepared naman kami, kumpleto ang gamit namin. Yun nga lang, hindi mo masasabi pagkatapos ng baha dahil nga bumili kami ng bangka, pero hindi mo magagamit yan kung ang lakas ng current ng tubig. Tatangayin ka niyan. Even na di-motor yan, tatangayin ka sa lakas ng current ng tubig. Ngayon, humihingi ng mga saklolo. For example, yung last year na Falcon, meron doong mga residente na yun nga sinasabi kong matitigas ang ulo, medyo nagamit naman. Nagamit naman namin para isave sila. A: Sir, paano niyo po naikakalat doon sa mga taga-doon po sa Provident tsaka po sa Tuazon Ville yung impormasyon po tungkol sa pagrerescue? R: Yung regarding sa dissemination of info, first is the internet. Ok? Meron ang Marikina na website na tinitingnan doon yung status ng bagyo- kung nasaan ang location. Second, nakamonitor na rin sa internet yung water level ng ilog. May nakafocus doon na camera and then may numbers sa meter, kung ilan ang water level. Ngayon dito naman, through telephone. Maraming tumatawag dito and then sinasabi ko nga sayo na meron kaming mga nakapwestong tao doon to pick up and the fire truck. Umiikot kami. Attention, the water level is like this. A: Sir, yun pong sinasabi niyo na website, ano po yun? General po sa Marikina o kada barangay din po may status? R: Yun ang isang project ng Marikina na for every barangay, magseset-up ng ganyan. Internet. Pero ngayon wala pa kami. Yung ibang barangay ata medyo may set up na sila. Nang sa ganoon, yung mga gustong mag-internet sa vicinity namin, informed. A: Ano po sa tingin niyo yung pinakamahalagang aspeto ng information dissemination. R: Well, talagang malaking bagay yan. Na you can save a lot of people. Through information. Kasi, bigyan kita ng sample. Kasi, ang swerte lang namin ang Ondoy, nangyari ng umaga. Pero ang Pedring, nangyari sa Iligan at Cagayan de Oro, gabi. Kaya ilang libo ang namatay sa.. Pero dito, nataon, ang Ondoy nangyari ng 1:30pm. So even doon na hindi talaga nag-function lahat dahil sa lakas ng current ng tubig, pero nalessen naman. Less talaga yung namatay sa Marikina. Walang isangdaan. Yun ang kagandahan. A: Ano naman po yung mga hamon at isyu ng nag-iimplement pag pinapatupad po nila yun? R: Ang sinasabi naman ng iba, regarding diyan, parang mga critics yan eh. Ano ba naman yung barangay, masyadong sensitive. OA ang dating. Well, wala kaming choice kung hindi ipatupad ang aming tungkulin. Unang una talaga, pagdating sa ganyang bagay, ang unang kaligtasan yung tao. Lalo na ang buhay. Ngayon, naranasan namin, magalit, OA, kung ano pa man. Well yun, sanay na kami sa mga ganoong bagay, mga kritiko. A: Sa inyo pong opinyon, naisaktuparan na po ba ang mga layunin sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Kapag ikaw, sayong nasasakupan, walang namatay, walang nasaktan, walang namatay, naganap mo ang tungkulin mo. Naganap mo ang tungkulin mo. Gamit, bahay, kagamitan, sasakyan, kung yan man ay masira, bagay lang yan eh. Napapalitan yan. Pero ang buhay hindi napapalitan. A: So ano po yung nakatulong po sa inyo para makamit niyo po ang inyong layunin? Walang nasasaktan. R: Lagi naman, sa bawat programa, ang unang-unang hinahanap ay pondo. Pondo di ba? Sa bawat programa naman eh, kunwari birthday mo. Gusto mong i-celebrate birthday mo, pero wala ka namang pera. The most important is the allocation of funds. Total preparedness. Second, inaallow na ngayon tayo ng City government and the national sa 5% calamity fund. Dati, ang 5% calamity fund, bago mo magalaw yan para sa tao, kinakailangang mag-declare muna ng state of calamity. Sa ngayon, hindi na ganoon. Iba na naging sistema. Base sa 5% ng annual budget mo, 70% noon ay pwede mo nang galawin para makapag-purchase ka ng mga gamit para sa preparedness. Mga lifevest, salbabida, tali. Na makakaligtas sa buhay ng tao. Then the 30% of the 5%, yun po ay ginagalaw pag dineclare na ang state of calamity. Ngayon para saan naman po yan? Para sa pagkain. So yun talaga ang pinakaimportante. A: Sir, ano po ba yung parang factors para maideclare na state of calamity na? R: Ang state of calamity kasi depende sa estado na nangyayari na sa siyudad. Kung talagang halos kalahati na ng barangay ay tabon na, ang dami ng evacuees o ano pa man. Depende sa estado eh. Kaya nga ano, yun ang kagandahan sa nangyari sa national government na inaallow na tayo na galawin ang 70%. A: Sir ano naman po yung hadlang? Kung ang nakakatulong po para makamit niyo ang layunin ay good allocation of funds, ano naman po yung hadlang? R: Wala naman magiging hadlang kung allowed talagang ipagalaw ang pondo. Kasi ano na yan, naimplement na last year yan eh. Hindi lang sa Marikina, kung hindi sa buong Pilipinas. 70% of the 5% of the calamity fund, i-aallocate yan for a certain equipment for the safetyness of the people. A: Sir, nasiyahan naman po kayo sa pagpapatupad po noon? R: Oo. Eh malaking bagay yun. Kasi noong bagyong Ondoy, lagi kong kinocompare yung Ondoy kasi yun ang pinakawild eh. Noong 2009 kasi, hindi namin magalaw ang calamity fund. Noong ma-Ondoy tsaka dineclare. Isipin mo yun. Ang city hall ay sarado. Lubog ang city hall eh. Lubog yung ground floor ng city hall. Paano ang processing ng papeles niyan? Saan mo kukunin yung pera na pangpapakain mo sa constituents mo? Laking pasasalamat na lang namin na through media, eh maraming tumulong sa amin. Maraming tumulong sa Marikina. Even the Manny Pacquiao. A: Sir, gusto niyo po bang ipagpatuloy ang lahat ng to? R: Kinakailangan. A: Hanggang kailan po? R: Well ang Marikina kasi is a valley. Mababa ang Marikina. Kami ay napapaligiran ng matataas na lugar. Pag may bagyo, ang flow ng tubig niyan, papunta dito. So wala na kaming choice na taon-taon ay mag-basta. Yun ang realidad. A: Sir, last question na po. Mayroon po ba kayong plano na baguhin yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? Or any improvements po? R: Well ang mga improvement, kailangan yearly. Kasi ang mga gamit, hindi naman habang buhay eh good condition yan. Everytime na may bagyo, ginagamit mo yan, syempre ano yan, nasisira din yan. Example, salbabida. Kailangan taon-taon good condition yan. Pag merong mga bago, na mga pwedeng pamalit sa salbabida, styrofoam. Hindi na kailangan i-inflate. Kung baga, ihahagis mo lang, ang gaan-gaan para sa mga nag-rerescue. And then, rubber boats. Malaking bagay yan kapag nagliligtas ng tao. Hindi naman kailangang magpakasosyal pa pag may bagyo. Mabasa ka kung mabasa ka. Ang importante, ligtas ka! Sa pagkain, wala namang dapat baguhin sa pagkain. Kung anong nakabastang pagkain, syempre. Hindi naman kailangan pang steak, di ba? And then syempre, yung additional ideas na pwepwede mong maigawa o ma-execute in times of calamity. Additional suggestions lang yan para sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team. A: Thank you po!   Name: Informant 7, Female, 48 Area of Residence: Barangay Nangka Length: 10:14 Alex (A): Good afternoon po. Ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Tas yun nga po, para sa thesis ko po ito na tungkol sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Pero dito po sa Barangay Nangka, tungkol po yan sa Emergency Response Team. So alam niyo po ba yung Emergency Response Team? Informant 7 (R): Oo. May Concern, meron niyan tsaka yung Magdalo. Yan, Emergency Response yan. A: Ahh, paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa kanila? R: Kasi ako, miyembro rin ako ng Concern. Minsan may medical mission na iginagawad dito sa barangay hall. Yung Magdalo naman, ako lang ang hindi nasali doon sa lugar namin, pero yung buong street namin.. A: Kasali po? R: Miyembro rin noon. Hindi ko maintindihan bakit hindi ako nakasali, siguro nung araw na yun na nagpunta sila sa amin, wala ako. Magdalo tsaka yung Concern. A: Ano po yung sinasabi nung Emergency Response Team? R: Emergency Response, yung... Gaya nga nung may naganap na mga kalamidad. Yung gaya ng pagbaha. May iginagawad na ano, gaya ng Concern. Nagbigay sila ng bangka, meron kami diyan. A: Yung Concern po ba, ano po ba siya? Barangay din po o private po? Ibang kumpanya po? R: Iba. Iba. Ang barangay, nagagawad sila ng anom gaya ni Kap, nagpapadala siya sa amin ng mga relief. Inaanyayahan kami na pumunta kayo dito, sa school at dito niyo idaos ang magdamag dahil lalaki ang tubig at para maisave kayo at may mga pagkain na rin na nakahanda. A: Ano po yung ginagamit ng barangay para imbitahin ang mga tao? R: May megaphone sila, tapos may sirena. Buzzer. Buzzer na malaki. Kapag nag-buzzer yan, halimbawa nag-buzzer. (Mimics buzzer’s sound.) One buzzer, unang buzzer niyan, ang ibig sabihin daw noon, may baha na dadating o bubuksan ang dam. Ganyan. Ngayon, pangalawang buzzer eh magready na kami. Pangatlong buzzer, yan, lumipat na raw kami sa school. Yan ang sinabi ni Kap. Kap Randy Leal. A: Ano po yung masasabi niyo sa ginagamit nila na buzzers, sirena? Ok naman po ba? R: Ay oo! Kasi bilang paghahanda ng mga tao yun eh. Nakakapaghanda kami. Kasi, gaya nung Ondoy. Walang ginamit na ganoon nung panahon ng Ondoy, walang ginamit na ganoon. Kaya nga noong magka-Ondoy na, inilagay ang buzzer na yan, kaya ngayon alam na namin kung ano ang dapat naming gawin kapag nag-buzzer na. Yan ang malaking naitulong. Kung baga, ginigising kami. A: Ahh. Ano po yung una niyong naisip o naramdaman noong nalaman niyo po yung tungkol sa Emergency Response Team ng barangay? R: Eh syempre, yung concern nga sila bilang residente kami ng Barangay Nangka eh malaki ang tulong na naibibigay sa amin dahil nakakapaghanda nga kami. A: Tapos po, ano naman po tingin niyo po kung hanggang kailan po yan dapat ipatupad? R: Eh. Iyan ipapatupad dahil itong Barangay Nangka eh talagang laging binabaha ito, yearly. Yearly yan, dumadanas kami ng ganoon. Kasi nga, hindi na nga maiiwasan yung pagbubukas ng dam. Kasi kapag hindi naman pawawalan ang tubig ng dam, eh ang baka mangyari pumutok ito. Pag pumutok ito, eh lalong malaking perwisyo ang maidudulot. Maraming malulunod na tao. A: Oo nga po. R: Kaya yearly, binubuksan yang ano. Yearly, binabaha kami dito. A: Alin po sa mga patakaran ng barangay kapag meron pong unos yung sa tingin niyo po mahalaga? R: Mahalaga, gaya nga ng pagrerescue nila. Ayan, unang una. Yung buzzer na yan, isang mahalaga yan. Dahil kapag ka nagbuzzer alam na namin na may baha na dadating. Pangalawa, nagbabasta sila ng mga boat. Bangka, yung mga rubber boat. Para pag malaki na yung tubig, naililikas kami. Halimbawa, merong matigas ang ulo. May mga matitigas ang ulo, na ang iniisip nila kapag nag-buzzer, hindi nila pinapansin. Natatrap sila doon sa bahay. Malaki na tubig, hindi na sila makalabas. Kaya ang gagawin ng barangay, may mga rubber boat at tsaka may boat na kahoy, kinukuha yung tao sa bahay. Yung natrap. A: Ano naman po yung tingin niyo po hindi mahalaga sa mga ginagawang patakaran ng barangay kapag po may unos? R: Ang hindi mahalaga, gaya ng... Ako ang napapansin ko naman kapag yung halimbawa eh, nagbibigayan na ng relief. Halimbawa, nagbibigayan na ng relief, parang may favoritism ba. Parang katulad ko, mahirap ang buhay ko. Parang ako yung nawawalan pa. A: Hindi po nakakarating sa inyo? R: Parang nagkakaroon ng palakasan eh. Yun ang hindi ko nagugustuhan. A: Opo, mahirap po yung ganoon. R: Ganun. A: Sa kabila po niyan, kusang loob naman po kayong sumusunod sa mga rescuers ng barangay o napipilitan na lang po? R: Oo. Sumusunod kami dahil bilang mamayan. A: Hanggang kailan po kayo susunod doon? R: Hanggat maganda yung ano nila. Hanggat maganda yung patakaran nila. Pero kapag hindi maganda yung patakaran nila.. A: Kapag hindi niyo na po gusto.? R: Automatic,bibitaw ako. A: May alam po ba kayong problemang naranasan habang ipinapatupad ng mga rescuers yung pagsagip po doon sa inyo kapag may unos po? R: O. A: Meron po ba kayong problemang naranasan galing sa barangay? R: Sa pagsagip? A: Opo. R: Ang isang problemang na-ano talaga namin noon, talagang pati ang barangay hindi nakahanda sa mga ganyang ano. A: Pati po ba dito baha? R: Malaki ang naging aral sa amin ng Ondoy na yan. Alam mo ang daming kailangan dapat iligtas. Kasi ang nangyari dito, halos ang third floor ng bahay, yung pinaka-flooring ng third floor ng bahay, halos naabot. Natrap kaming lahat! Wala kaming anohan kung hindi, maglipatan kami sa mga bahay na matataas. Kailangan namin ng rescue, bangka, walang magamit. Kaya iyon nga, doon nagising ang barangay. A: Sa tingin niyo po, sa tulong na ibinigay sa inyo ng barangay, ano po yung naidulot na pakinabang? R: Noong tumutulong na sila? A: Opo. R: Ay nailigtas nila ang buhay ng marami. Tapos yung mga walang pagkain na naglilipasan sa school, nakakakain naman. Pero hindi naman lahat. Gaya nga ng sinabi ko, may palakasan. May favoritism. A: Eh meron po ba kayong napansin na di kapaki-pakinabang? R: Uhm.. A: O wala naman po? R: Wala naman. A: Huling tanong na po, mero po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para po mas gumanda pa po yung pagrerescue ng barangay kapag po may unos? R: Hindi lang sa baha o sa kahit sunog? A: Opo. R: Isang napansin ko naman noong masunog ang otsentang bahay dito, tapos nasundan ng bente, ang napansin ko yung sikip ng kalsada. Hindi makapasok yung bumbero dahil nga yung ngang sikip ng kalsada. Hindi makapasok ang bombero. Noong may nakapasok, hindi rin makalabas. Naubusan ng tubig, hindi rin makalabas, dahil sa sikip ng kalsada. Yun ang napansin ko. A: Sige po, salamat po. Thank you po, ok na po.   Name: Informant 8, Female, 37 Area of Residence: Nangka Length: 06:15 Alex (A): Ako o si Alex from UP Diliman, 5th year Communication Reserch. Para po ito sa thesis ko. Yung topic ko po, Barangay Nangka Emergency Response Team po yung tawag doon. Sa interview po, wala pong tama o maling sagot, tapos itatago po yung identity niyo. Yun pong pagrerecord para po sa data gathering at akademikong layunin. Informant 8 (C): Wag mong sabihing ako yan, ah? A: Opo. So yung una pong tanong, alam niyo po ba yung Emergency Response Team? C: Dito sa Barangay Nangka? A: Opo. C: May ibang, maraming alam ko dito. A: Pero nakikita niyo po sila? C: Oo. A: Paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa Emergency Response Team? C: Pag may baha, kunwari may baha doon sa settlement tulad noong tinitiran namin, nandiyan naman sila kaagad. Kadalasan mga kagawad, barangay tanod, pulis, yan. Tumutulong sila. Nagdadala sila ng mga bangka. Kung ano pwede nilang i-ano sa tao na sasakyan para paglikas papunta sa eskwelahan. A: Ano po yung sinasabi nila sa inyo pag nagpupunta po sila? C: Before yan, mag-aano sila, mag-aalert sila nang mag-aalert sa mga tao. Magsasabi sila ng nasa dangerous na yung tubig, nasa level 15 na. Pag level ano, mag-aannounce na sila. In case of umabot sa level 16, naka-rescue na agad sila. Dala na lang sila ng mga sasakyan, para hakutin na yung mga tao. Minsan nga 15 palang, dinadala na nila sa school eh. Dito sa elementary school, dinadala na ng mga, kadalasan, tanod. Yung kapitan mismo. Pumupunta talaga sila doon, bumababa. Lahat ng tauhan ng Barangay Nangka. A: Eh naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po yun nagsimula? C: Nung dito kami nakatira kay Aaron, di pa ako gaanong ano... Kay ano, kay Bayani Fernando. A: Ah yun po. Matagal na po? C: Kasi ganoon, hindi ko pa masyadong ano yung kay Aaron noon, bagong lipat lang kami dito. 1996 ba? Oo. Papaalis na si Aaron. Kay ano, kay Mayor Bayani Fernando. Hanggang naging ngayon, ganoon pa rin. A: Ano po yung materyales na ginagamit nila para makarating po sa inyo yung gusto nilang.. C: Megaphone. Kadalasan tao naman silang pumupunta, tapos may ano silang sasakyan, tapos mag-memegaphone sila. Lalo kung sa gabi, nag-memegaphone sila. Maliban sa megaphone, kinakatok nila bahay-bahay. A: Ano pong masasabi niyo sa ginagamit nila na yun? Ok naman po? C: Ok naman. A: Nakumbinsi naman po kayo? C: Oo. Noon, matigas ang ulo ng mga tao. Lalo kung malapit sa ilog. Ayaw nilang lumipat, kasi katwiran nila, hindi naman lalaki ang tubig. Pero mula noong nag-Ondoy, konting baha, konting ulan lang, mismo na ang mga tao ang sumasampa sa sasakyan. A: Ah. (Laughs.) C: Natutuwa rin ang mga taga barangay, at yung rescue kasi sumasama na sila kusa. A: Paano po kayo tumugon doon, sa Emergency Response Team? C: Anong klaseng tugon? Yung paglilipat. Pag nagtawag na sila. Syempre in case na tumawag na sila na ano na lumipat na kami, sumusunod naman kami. Maghakot na kami ng mahalaga, yung mga gamit lang na pinaka-kailangan namin pag pupunta na sa eskwelahan. Kumot, gamot, damit. A: Noong una niyo pong narinig yung tungkol sa Emergency Response Team, ano po yung naisip niyo? C: Ano, tumutulong sa, in case na may mga bagyo, o may sakuna. A: O kaya po, ano po yung nararamdaman niyo noong andiyan na sila? C: Masaya. Happy kasi meron may mga taong tumutulong sa amin na maghakot kasi hindi naman, kung magtricycle ka pa papunta sa relocation site, magbabayad pa. A: Ano po tingin niyo kung hanggang kailan po yun dapat ipatupad? C: Hanggat may kalamidad. Dapat. Kasi hindi naman nawawalan ng kalamidad, lalo na kung tag-ulan. Di ba? A: Opo. Eh alin po sa mga patakaran nila yung tingin niyo mahalaga? C: Patakaran ng? A: Emergency Response Team. C: Wag ano, wag lumusong sa tubig. Mga ganyan, marami. A: Eh yung sa tingin niyo po hindi mahalaga. Meron po ba? C: Wala naman akong nakitang hindi mahalaga. A: Kusang loob naman po kayong sumusunod o nirerequire po kayo? C: Hindi, pag mga ganyan na, kusang loob na kaming sumusunod. Lalo ngayon, may bata kami. May baby kami. Hintayin pa ba naming lumaki talaga yan bago ano? A: Hanggang kailan niyo po balak sundin yun? C: Hanggat andiyan sila. Willing sila, kusang loob silang tumulong. A: Meron po ba kayong problemang naranasan niyo habang pinapatupad yung Emergency Response Team? C: Wala naman. A: Ah, wala pong problema? C: Oo. A: Sa inyo pong opinyon, ano po yung pakinabang na naibigay sa inyo noon? C: Malaki. Malaking pakinabang kasi, katulad nga, katulad noong Ondoy. Yung mga pamilya ko, nasa loob pa ng bahay, pero yung tubig nasa baywang na. Eh syempre, mataas yung flooring ng bahay namin, noong bababa na kami, leeg na pala yun. Nandiyan yung mga rescue para magbukas ng pinto. Dahil hindi na namin mabuksan yung pinto sa lakas ng tubig. Eh bakal yung pinto. A: Mahirap pong buksan? C: Mahirap! Apat na rescuer yung naghila noon. Tapos nirescue kami. Andiyan yung buntis ako, may baby akong dalawang babae na elementary noon, andiyan sila. Binitibit nila yung mga bata papunta sa mataas na lugar. A: Ano po yung disadvantages po? C: Wala naman akong nakita na hindi pakinabang. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong mga puna o mungkahi para po mas gumanda o mapabuti yung Emergency Response Team? C: Ay, mungkahi ko lang, yung ano. Sabagay sa mga nagduduty, wala naman problema sa kanila. Minsan ang problema yung mga kabataan na basta na lang nang-gugulo, sumasampa. (Laughs.) Yun lang naman nakikita ko. Sakay lang ng sakay, gusto lang makarating sa.. A: Yun lang po? C: Oo. A: Thank you po, Ate!   Name: Informant 9, Male, 41 Area of Residence: Nangka Length: 04:41 Alex (A): Good afternoon po. Ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Informant 9 (E): Tagalog lang ah? A: Opo. 5th year, Communication Research po tapos po para po ito sa thesis ko. Yung interview po, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Ang iyong pagkakakilanlan ay itatago, ang pagrerecord ng panayam ay para lang po sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin. So yung unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa Emergency Response Team? E: Yan yung ano eh, yung tungkol sa yung mga sakuna na kailangan ay marescue kaagad yung kailangan marescue. Sunod, priority natin yung mga may sakit, mga may bata, tsaka matatanda. A: Paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol doon? E: Eh yan eh napag-aaralan din namin sa trabaho namin. A: Ah, ano po yung pong pinaparating ng Emergency Response Team sa mga residente po ng Barangay Nangka? E: Ayun, noong ano, kamuka kapag may mga dilubyo: bagyo, lindol, pinapraktis sila kung paano makasurvive doon. A: Naalala niyo po kung kailan po iyon ipinatupad? E: Hindi ko masyadong alam eh. Pero kapag may sakuna yun, ipinapatupad talaga yun. A: Ano po yung mga materyales na ginagamit ng Emergency Response Team para maiparating sa mga residente yung mensahe nito? E: Kagaya ng ano, pag may bagyo. Yung mga rubber boat. A: Ano naman po yung masasabi niyo sa mga materyales na yun? Ok naman po? E: Ok naman. A: Ano po yung first impression niyo sa Emergency Response Team noong una niyo pong nalaman yung tungkol doon? Ano po yung naisip niyo, naramdaman niyo? E: Maganda para sa amin. Lalo na sa barangay, dahil tinulungan kami para makaprepare sa mga darating na sakuna. A: Alin po doon sa mga alituntunin ng Emergency Response Team yung tingin niyo pong mahalaga? E: Yung mga gamit sa pag bumabaha. A: Kusang loob naman po kayong sumusunod doon? E: Oo. A: Hanggang kailan niyo po iyon balak sundin? E: Hanggang nabubuhay. A: May alam po ba kayong problema habang ipinapatupad po yung Emergency Response Team? E: Meron din. Yung mga problema dito, kamuka ng ano.. Sa kagamitan ng pagrescue. Pagka-yung narescue na. Yung mga relief, ganon. Pagkain ng tao, Yung mga narescue. A: Ano po yun? Nagkukulang po? E: Oo. Kasi bigla yun, hindi naman kaagad makakapagprepare yung gobyerno natin, di ba? Kulang. A: Tingin niyo po ano po naging pakinabang ng Emergency Response Team? E: Pagtulong. Pakikipagkapwa tao. Yung paano tumulong sa tao. A: Eh yun pong ano po, disadvantages. Meron po ba? E: Yung mga ano naman, yung mga kawatan. May mga sakuna na. Nagnanakaw pa. A: Ahh... E: Meron din! Kamuka nung may sunog dito, ang daming nawalan. Nagsasamantala! Mahirap pigilan. A: Sa huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna at mungkahi para po mapabuti yung Emergency Response Team? E: Siguro dapat tulong-tulong. Tsaka yung sa gamit, doon nga sa gamit. Priority yung gamit. Yun lang. A: Salamat po!   Name: Informant 10, Female, 50 Area of Residence: Barangay Nangka Length: 04:48 Alex (A): Ako po si Alex from UP Diliman, tapos para po ito sa thesis ko. Informant 10, (F): Ah, sa thesis lang naman pala eh. A: 5th year, Communication Research na po. Tapos, yun po, yung topic ko pong napili, yung MMDA OPLAN UNOS. About po yun sa pagtulong kapag may baha o kahit anong mga disasters. Pero under po noon yung Emergency Response Team ng barangay. So wala pong tama o maling sagot, tapos itatago po ang pagkakakilanlan niyo, ang pagrerecord po ay para lamang sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin. So unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba ang Emergency Response Team? F: Emergency Response Team. Hindi ko alam na Emergency Response Team eh. Yung number? Telephone? A: Ay hindi po. Kilala niyo po ba sila? F: Ay, oo! Kilala ko sila. A: Paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa Emergency Response Team ng barangay? F: Ah, ano rin. Humihingi kami ng tulong. Gaya niyan, kadikit namin yung barangay. A: Ano po yung sinasabi nila sa inyo? Ano po yung gusto nila iparating? F: Na ano? Sinasabi nila? Na kapag kailangan ng rescue, andiyan lang sila. Tutulong. A: Naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po ito ipinatupad? F: Ano, matagal na. Mula ng magkaroon dito ng barangay, samin. Dito, yung kadikit na yan. A: Opo. Ano po yung materyales na ginagamit nila para makarating po sa inyo yung mensahe nila? F: Meron silang ano eh, noh. Naglagay sila ng mga speakers diyan, nag-aannounce sila sa barangay. Sa buong barangay yun. Tsaka minsan.. Minsan, truck. Sa poste ng bawat ano, naglagay sila ng ano. A: Ah, meron po? F: Oo. A: Ano po yung masasabi niyo sa mga materyales? Nakukumbinsi po ba kayo sa kanila? F: Oo. Ok naman. A: Ano po yung first impression niyo noong nakita niyo sila? F: Ok naman sila, mabilis silang magrespond. A: Paano po kayo tumugon sa kanila? F: Paano tumawag? A: Tumugon po. Paano po kayo tumugon sa kanila? F: Ano, pumupunta kami diyan eh. Personal. Pag pumupunta kami, ayun. Sagot kaagad sila. A: Ano po yung tingin niyo, hanggang kailan po dapat ipatupad yung Emergency Response Team? F: Ay dapat, habang buhay. (Laughs.) Kasi kailangan ng tao. Lalo pa pag may bagyo. A: Oo nga po. Alin po sa mga patakaran nila yung pinakamahalaga sa tingin niyo? F: Patakaran nila? Disiplina. Tsaka yung mabilis na aksyon. A: Alin naman po sa tingin niyo yung hindi mahalaga? F: Yung hindi mahalaga.. Wala naman. Lahat naman ng nakikita ko importante. A: Kusang loob po ba kayong sumusunod sa kanila? Or required po kayo? F: Hindi, kusa naman. Kasi para ano bilang Pilipino. Bilang tao. Sa ikabubuti. A: Kung opo, hanggang kailan niyo po iyon susundin? F: Ano. Hanggat nabubuhay ako. Syempre. Kailangan eh! A: May alam po ba kayong problema na naranasan niyo habang ipinapatupad yung Emergency Response Team? F: Ah ayun. Ang problema, yung ano. Minsan wala silang gasoline. Lalo yung ano nila, sasakyan. Minsan daw kasi, budget, ganoon lang. A: Pag po emergency, nawawala? F: Oo. Dapat, prepared. Kailangan lagi silang merong ano. A: Extra. F: Extrang gasoline. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po yung idinulot na pakinabang? F: Maganda. Maganda yung pakinabang. Madali silang sumasagot, pag kailangan mo. Tapos pag emergency, nasosolve kaagad yung problema. A: Eh yung mga disadvantages po, meron po ba? F: Wala naman akong nakikita. Kasi parang lahat naman, pinagbibigyan nila. Ang ano ko lang, kulang sila ng sasakyan. Yun lang. A: Yung huling tanong ko po, meron po ba kayong comments, tsaka suggestions? Para po mapabuti po yung Emergency Response Team? F: Ang comment ko, madagdagan sana yung patrol. Kasi yung patrol nila.. A: Ano po yun? Yun pong pinakasasakyan? F: Yung pinakasasakyan. Kasi maliit eh. Dapat malaki, tapos madagdagan pa. Kasi malaki ang Nangka eh. A: Opo. F: Tapos, maglagay talaga ng tanod na medyo malalaki katawan. Yung katatakutan, kasi syempre, pag maliit yan, kilala. Parang balewala lang. Pero ano, kahit maliliit sila diyan, mga medyo payat, ok naman, mabilis namang tumugon. A: Ayun po. Thank you po.

  Name: Informant 11, Female, 28 Area of Residence: Barangay Nangka Length: 05:01 Alex (A): Magandang tanghali po. Ako po si Alex from UP Diliman, tas yun nga po. Tungkol sa OPLAN UNOS po yung topic ko. Pero dito po sa Barangay Nangka, ang tawag daw po doon ay Emergency Response Team. So ayun po, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Tapos po yung inyo pong identity ay itatago. Ang pagrerecord din po ay para lamang sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin lang po. So una pong tanong, alam niyo po ba yung Emergency Response Team? Informant 11 (J): Emergency Response Team? Yung ano. Pag mga emergency diyan yung mga ano. Yung mga.. A: Yung mga ginagawa daw po sa barangay pag po may.. J: Ah. Oo. Pag may baha. A: So paano niyo po nalaman ang tungkol doon? J: Kasi na-Ondoy na kami dito eh! Lubog na yung mga bahay dito. Yun. Yan. Diyan kami sa barangay. Diyan kami tumutulong.. A: So ano po yung ipinapaliwanag sa inyo noon? Nung Emergency Response Team? J: Yung sa mga ano. Yung. Basta hindi naman kasi nagpapaliwanag dito eh. Basta nandiyan lang kami, ganyan. Sariling ano lang kung ano importante. Basta ang ano lang diyan, bibigyan ka nila ng mga ganyan: tubig, pagkain. A: Wala pong pagtuturo na ginagawa? J: Wala. Siyempre ano na yung mga tao eh. Baha kaya! Di ba? Panic na sila. A: So kapag wala pong baha, hindi po iyon ginagawa? J: Hindi. A: Naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po yun? J: Yung Ondoy? September 23. A: Noong Ondoy lang po siya? J: Oo. Oo. Ano po yung mga materyales na ginagamit para doon sa kampanya para makarating sa inyo? J: Katulad ng mga relief, ganon? A: Opo. J: Relief goods, mga tubig. A: Tsaka ano po, meron po bang mga papel na nagpapaliwanag? O kaya po.. Paano po ipinaparating sa inyo? Nagtext po ba o tumawag? J: Yan yan. Meron diyang ano, yung mic na nag-aano. A: Ah, megaphone po? J: Oo. Meron. Parang Marikina City, ganoon. A: So paano po kayo tumugon doon sa ginawang yun ng Emergency Response Team? J: Pumupunta kami diyan sa barangay. Nagtatanong kami, syempre. Oo. Talagang nagtatanong kami, kasi syempre, pagka-ganyang emergency, kailangan ano ka. A: Noong una niyo pong nakita yung project na yun, ano po first impression niyo? J: Okay, di ba? Maganda kasi yung ganoon eh! A: So ano po tingin niyo, kasi sabi niyo po dito sa Barangay Nangka, noong Ondoy lang po yun ginawa. Sa tingin niyo po tama lang ba na ganoon lang kaikli? J: Hindi. Hindi. Syempre, di ba? A: Dapat po hanggang kailan? J: Hanggang kailangan ng tao! Syempre. Kaya nga tinawag na emergency talaga eh. A: So sa mga alituntunin po nila, yung Emergency Response Team, alin po sa tingin niyo yung mahalaga? Sa mga ginawa po nila noon? J: Yung tinulungan nila yung tao na walang tutulugan. Syempre, importante yun di ba? Tsaka yung nagbigay sila ng pagkain. A: Eh alin po sa mga patakaraang yun ang hindi niyo gusto? J: Yung ano.. Sabagay wala naman. Kasi tinulungan naman kami noong mga ano eh. Tumutulong naman sila. A: Eh kusang loob naman po kayong sumunod doon sa kanila? J: Syempre. (Laughs.) A: So kunwari po, meron po ulit silang project, hanggang kailan niyo po gustong ano, yung sumunod sa kanila? J: Hanggat maari! A: Paano po kung magkaroon po ng dahilan na makikipigil po sa inyo sa pagsunod po doon, meron po ba? J: (Nods.) A: Meron po ba kayong alam na problema noong ipinapatupad po nila yung Emergency Response Team? J: Wala naman. Wala. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po sa tingin niyo na idinulot na pakinabang ng kampanya? J: Pakinabang? Ano bang pakinabang? A: Mga advantages po, ganoon.. J: (Silence.) A: Wala po? J: (Laughs.) A: Ano naman po yung mga disadvantages, yung mga pagkukulang po nila. Ganoon? J: Wala din. A: Wala po? So meron pa po ba kayong comments at suggestions tungkol sa kanila? Yung ginawa po nilang mga Emergency Response Team? J: Ok naman. Wala namang problema. Basta ako, ganoon lang. Sumunod lang. A: Thank you po. J: Salamat!

Name: Informant 12, Female, 32 Area of Residence: Barangay Tañong Length: 04:48 Alex (A): Alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? Informant 12 (B): Yung tumutulong? Bumbero? A: Opo, yung pong mga ganon. O kaya po yung mga sumasagip po kapag po may baha, kilala niyo po sila? B: Ah, oo! A: Paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol po sa kanila? B: Dito din naman kasi sila. Dito rin naman kami nagtratrabaho. A: Ah, malapit po sila. Tapos ano po yung sinasabi po nila sa inyo? B: Ano bang sinasabi? Mag-evacuate! A: Naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po yun nagsimula? B: After noong Ondoy. Oo, after noon. A: Tapos po, ano po yung mga materyales na ginagamit nila para makarating po sa inyo yung mensahe nila? B: Ah, ano. Megaphone. Umiikot sila. Nag-iikot sila. A: Ano pong masasabi niyo sa megaphone na yun at sa pag-iikot nila? B: Edi, okay! Ok naman. A: Nakukumbinsi naman po yung mga taga dito? B: Oo. Nakukumbinsi naman. A: Eh paano naman po kayo tumutugon sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? B: Kapag sinabi nila, sinusunod namin. A: Agad-agad po? B: Agad-agad. A: Kusang loob naman po yun? Wala naman pong nag-rerequire o nag-uutos? B: Wala, wala. A: Depende po sa inyo? B: (Nods.) A: Ano po yung una niyo pong naisip noong nakita niyo po sila? Yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? B: May sakuna! A: Ano po yung una niyo pong naramdaman? B: Sa baha lang naman yun di ba? Edi may sakuna na dadating. A: Ano po sa tingin iyo, hanggang kailan po yun dapat ipatupad? B: E habang may nangyayari, kailangan ano yun. Maging alert lang sila! A: Alin po sa mga alituntunin nila yung sa tingin niyo po mahalaga? Yung ginagawa po nila, alin po doon yung mahalaga? B: Yun. Yung ganoon. Yung pagka-may sakuna, iinform kaagad nila yung ano. Nag-iinform kaagad sila. Diyan sa barangay hall. Para alam. A: Eh yun pong hindi mahalaga, ano po sa tingin niyo? B: Yung hindi mahalaga, hindi sila updated. A: Hindi po sila updated? Paano niyo po nasabi? B: Oo. Nalunod na tsaka palang dadating. A: Ah, ganoon po? May alam po ba kayong ibang problemang naranasan habang ipinapatupad po yun? B: Wala naman. A: Sa inyong opinyon po,ano po ang naidulot na pakinabang nung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? B: May tumutulong pag andiyan sila. A: Eh meron po bang hindi kapaki-pakinabang na naidulot? B: Wala akong alam na ano eh. Wala pa namang nangyayaring masama. A: Eto po, huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para mapabuti po yung rescue team nila? B: Kapag siguro may mapupuna kami, sasabihin namin. Kami na lang. A: Ah, kayo na lang po didiretso na magsabi? B: Oo, kami na lang ang didiretso. Kasi ang amo namin dito Kagawad tsaka Konsehal, kaya ano kami. A: Kaya madali niyo lang po marating? B: Oo! Kaya samin palang, nauuna na kami. Aral na kami. Naka-alerto naman yung taga-barangay eh. Wala namang problema. Pag may nakikita kaming problema, isinasangguni namin sa amo namin. A: O sige po, salamat po!   Name: Informant 13, Female, 53 Area of Residence: Barangay Tañong Length: 04:11 Alex (A): Magandang hapon po, ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Gumagawa po ako ng thesis tungkol sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS, pero dito po sa Barangay Tañong, ang tawag daw po doon ay Barangay Tañong Rescue Team. Sa interview pong ito, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago po ang inyong identity at pang-akademikong layunin lang po gagamitin ang resulta. Unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? Informant 13 (R): Oo. Kasi lahat kami dito inabutan na ng baha. A: So paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Kasi kilala ko yung mga taga-barangay. Nakikita ko sila naglilinis sila dito.Tumutulong talaga sila. Tsaka yung nagbabahagi sila ng ano. Nasa Tañong kasi talaga galing yung mga nag-evacuate dito. Nagdadala sila ng pagkain. Tsaka sila, talagang sila ang nag-kwan. Kami kasi sa Cogeo kami lumikas, pero yung balae ko, yun ang nagsabi sakin. A: Ano po yung sinasabi sa inyo noong Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Sa kanila? A: May mga sinasabi po ba sa inyong mga residente? O may tinuturo po ba? R: Yung tinuturo. Kapag daw tumaas yung tubig, dito kasi sa Provident, pag tumaas na yung tubig sa level 7 o 6, nagsasabi na sila na maghanda. Binabalaan na nila. A: Eh naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po iyon pinatupad? R: Kada babaha. Kapag babaha, andiyan na sila. Kada may bagyo na andito, andiyan na sila. Inaabangan na nila yung sa may ilog, nagbababala na sila. A: Ano po yung materyales na ginagamit nila para makarating po sa inyo? R: Meron silang ano eh, pati Dela Peña. Meron silang parang barko, wala na nga dito eh. A: Ah, barko po! R: Yung parang bangka ba, na malaki. A: Tapos po? R: Yun ang pinang-rerescue nila pag may ano. Pag nagkakabaha. A: Ok naman po? R: Ok naman. A: Paano po kayo tumugon sa rescue team na yun? R: Edi ano, sinusunod namin. Pag may babala na sila, umaalis na kami. A: Ano po yun? Kusang loob naman po? R: Oo. Hindi naman sila nagpipilit. Basta sinasabi nila na sumunod para walang masamang mangyari. A: Ano po yung first impression niyo noong nalaman niyo po yung tungkol doon? R: Syempre, noong nalaman ko yan, masaya. Di ba. Sumusunod na kami. A: Hanggang kailan po sa tingin niyo yun dapat ipatupad. R: Siguro hanggang may sakuna. A: Alin po sa tingin niyo yung pinakamahalagang alituntunin ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Yun nga, yung may babala. Para mga tao eh, makahanda kaagad. A: Eh meron po ba silang patakaran na hindi ganoon kahalaga? Yung sa tingin niyo po, hindi naman kailangan? R: Wala naman. A: Wala po. Meron po ba kayong problemang naranasan noong ipinapatupad yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Wala naman. Wala rin. A: Ano po yung idinulot po na pakinabang ng kampanya? R: At least, nakaready na kami. Alam na namin yung gagawin namin. Yun ang mahalaga doon! A: Disadvantage po nung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Nakaready na sila ngayon. Di pares noon, na walang nakahanda. A: Yun pong hindi po kapaki-pakinabang? R: Di kapaki-pakinabang? Wala naman. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para po maimprove yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? R: Wala naman. Ok naman na. A: Ah wala na po. Salamat po!   Name: Informant 14, Female, 33 Area of Residence: Barangay Tañong Length: 04:41 Alex (A): Magandang hapon po, ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Gumagawa po ako ng thesis tungkol sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS, pero dito po sa Barangay Tañong, ang tawag daw po doon ay Barangay Tañong Rescue Team. Sa interview pong ito, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago po ang inyong identity at pang-akademikong layunin lang po gagamitin ang resulta. Unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? Informant 14 (U): Actually, nakita ko lang nung kagaya noon pag may mga kalamidad. Kagaya noong mga nakaraang may mga bagyo-bagyo na naman, naka-standby lang sila diyan sa ano. Visible naman sila. A: Paano niyo po nalaman ang tungkol sa kanila? U: Yan, kapag may ano lang, nakita ka lang. Kapag may mga ganoong kalamidad. A: Ano po yung sinasabi nila? U: Makinig sa mga ano, yung mga.. Actually, nagbibigay sila ng mga ano, yung mga alarm. Update daw sa ganoon. Update daw tungkol doon. So from time to time, nagbibigay sila ng ano.. Kung ano na water level, ganoon. A: Naalala niyo po ba kung kailang po iyon nagsimula? U: Actually, after Ondoy. A: Ahh, pagkatapos po noon? U: Oo, pagkatapos noon, tuwing may bagyo naman, ayun. Ano na sila. A: Ano po yung mga materyales na ginagamit nila para makarating po sa inyo yung gusto nilang iparating na mensahe? U: Ano, nag-roo-roving sila. May mga gamit silang mga sasakyan, ganoon. A: Ano naman po masasabi ninyo sa mga gamit nila? U: Ok naman. A: Nakukumbinsi po kayo? U: Oo. At least kahit papaano, aware kami na ganoon na pala yung ano, yung level ng ilog. Alam namin yung status kung saan may baha. A: Eh paano naman po kayo tumugon sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? U: Hindi pa naman kami tumutugon. Kung baga, nakikinig lang. Kasi malayo pa naman. That time kasi, wala namang baha. (Laughs.) A: Ano po yung first impression niyo noong nakita niyo po sila? Noong nalaman niyo pong meron palang Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? U: At least kahit papaano, nakakatulong. Kaysa naman sa wala. A: Eh ano po tingin niyo kung hanggang kailan po iyon dapat ipatupad? U: Kapag may mga ganoong disasters na dapat ipatupad, dapat! A: Ano po sa mga alituntunin po nila yung sa tingin niyo po pinakamahalaga? U: Yun, yung maging aware yung tao. Mainform yung tao kung ano na talaga yung situation. Along yung vicinity na nasasakupan. A: Ano naman po sa tingin niyo yung hindi mahalaga? Kung meron man po? U: Kung meron man? Yung masyadong ano na lang, parang masyado naman silang.. A: OA po? U: Oo. Ganon. (Laughs.) Naging OA! A: Kusang loob naman po kayong sumusunod o nirerequire po kayo ng provident village na sumunod? U: Usually yung iba talaga. Kasi kami dito sa bungad. Doon sa loob, siguro kusang loob. Kasi maraming lumalabas mula doon sa evacuation center. Mataas naman kasi itong bahay namin compared doon sa mga gustong mag-evacuate. Pero sa nakita ko naman, kusa naman siguro. A: May alam po ba kayong problemang naransan habang ipinapatupad yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? U: Meron kasing makukulit na ayaw talagang lumikas. A: Sa inyong opinyon naman po, ano po yung magandang naidulot noon? Ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team. U: Eh okay. Paano, alam na ng tao kung ano ang gagawin niya. Kung ano pwedeng gawin kapag bumaha na dito sa lugar. Hindi kamuka noong Ondoy na nashock kaming lahat. Andiyan na kaagad yung baha! Wala man lang nag-inform sa amin noon na ganoon na pala. A: Ano naman po yung disadvantages naman po na naidulot ng Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? U: Disadvantage? Siguro wala. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para mas mag-improve pa po yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? U: Siguro ok naman na yung ginawa nila. Siguro lang, kung talagang mauulit pa yun, kasi yung last na bagyo hindi nila naforce lahat yung nasa loob ng bahay. A: Noong Ondoy po iyon? U: Hindi, nito lang huli. Kasi umabot ng 7 feet yung tubig eh. Critical level din yun eh. Pero sa alam ko parang hindi lahat naligtas. So sana, next time, lahat naman ay mag-comply. Yun lang. A: Ah o sige po. Salamat po!   Name: Informant 15, Female, 39 Area of Residence: Barangay Tañong Length: 01:01 Alex (A): Magandang hapon po, ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Gumagawa po ako ng thesis tungkol sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS, pero dito po sa Barangay Tañong, ang tawag daw po doon ay Barangay Tañong Rescue Team. Sa interview pong ito, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago po ang inyong identity at pang-akademikong layunin lang po gagamitin ang resulta. Unang tanong po, paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? Informant 15 (R): Wala hindi ko nga alam eh. Alex (A): Ah, hindi niyo po alam? Yun pong nag-aano kapag po may relief operations. R: Hindi talaga eh. A: So ayun po, kung bibigyan po kayo ng pagkakataon para malaman po yung tungkol sa kanila o matutunan po yung ginagawa nila, pupunta naman po kayo? R: Pag may time. A: Opo. Ayun po, sige po. Salamat po!

Name: Informant 16, Female, 56 Area of Residence: Barangay Tañong Length: 04:41 Alex (A): Magandang hapon po, ako po si Alex from UP Diliman. Gumagawa po ako ng thesis tungkol sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS, pero dito po sa Barangay Tañong, ang tawag daw po doon ay Barangay Tañong Rescue Team. Sa interview pong ito, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago po ang inyong identity at pang-akademikong layunin lang po gagamitin ang resulta. Unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa kanila? Nakikita niyo po sila. Informant 16 (B): Hindi ko pa nakakausap yun eh. A: Pero alam niyo po sila? Kilala niyo po sila? Nakita niyo po sila? B: Sa munisipyo. A: Ahh. Hindi po sila, hindi niyo po sila nakikita dito sa village? B: Kapag tumutulong lang sila pag may emergency, tsaka ko nakikita. Kaya sila pumupunta dito. A: Alam niyo po ba kung tuwing kailan po yun nangyayari? B: Noong nakaraan, di ba si Pedring? A: Opo. Andoon po sila? B: Andito. A: Pero naalala niyo po ba kung kailan yun nagsimula? Ilang buwan o ilang taon? B: Noong Nag-Ondoy, di ba 2007 o 2008? A: 9 po yata eh. B: O, 9. Si Pedring, 2000+ din. Di ba? Yun. Pagkatapos ng Ondoy nagsimula. A: Ano po yung ginagamit nila para makarating sa inyo? B: Pangboat lang. Pangboat. Yung umaano sa tubig. A: Opo. Ok naman po yun? Yung ginagamit nila? B: Ok lang. Ok lang. A: Nakumbinsi po kayo, sa mga ginagamit nila? B: Oo. A: Paano po kayo tumugon sa kanila? B: Ah noong Ondoy, medyo hindi pa sila gaano, dahil, yun. Tapos si Pedring, parang nakaready na sila. A: Kayo po, ano po ang ginawa niyo? Sumunod po ba kayo sa kanila? B: Sumunod naman kami. Pero inoobserbahan namin baka maging katulad din ng Ondoy. Hindi naman nangyari. A: Ahh. Kusang loob naman po yun o inuutos po ng Provident Village na sumunod po sa kanila? B: Kusang loob. Kasi sila ang namamahala sa bayan. A: So ano po yung naramdaman niyo po noong narinig niyo po yung tungkol sa kanila, sa Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? B: Yung nagpromise naman sila, tinupad naman nila. Wala namang problema. A: Sa tingin niyo po hanggang kailan po yun dapat ipatupad? B: Kapag may nangyari ulit. Ganoon lang yun! Di naman laging nabaha eh. A: Alin po sa mga tuntunin nila yung sa tingin niyo po mahalaga? B: Mahalaga! A: Alin po doon yung sa tingin niyo talaga? B: Mahalaga yung sakripisyo nila. Hindi sila marunong magpabaya. A: Eh sa tingin niyo po, ano naman po yung hindi mahalaga? B: Hindi mahalaga sa amin yung bumaha. (Laughs.) Di ba? Kahit naman ikaw, mahalaga ba yun sayo? Syempre, hindi. A: Hanggang kailan niyo po sila balak sundin? B: Anytime naman. Kasi pag may problema, madali silang lapitan. A: Kayo po susundin niyo po sila, anytime din po? B: Ako susunod ako kapag kailangan. A: May alam po ba kayong problema na naranasan habang ipinapatupad yung Barangay Tañong Rescue Team? B: Wala naman. Yun lang nung Ondoy. A: Ano po yung naging pakinabang noon, sa tingin niyo? B: Eh marami naman talagang tumulong. A: Yun po yung pakinabang nila? B: Marami. Hindi naman sila nagpabaya. Pati yung pagbibigay nila ng pagkain. Oo, ok naman. A: Eh ano po sa tingin niyo yung hindi naman kapaki-pakinabang? Sa mga nagawa po nila. B: Sa tingin ko wala naman eh. Ok lahat sila. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna tsaka mungkahi para mapabuti o gumanda pa yung programa? B: Ang gusto namin, yung hindi na bumaha. A: Sa tingin niyo po, paano po yun magagawa? B: Sabi nila, nilalalaliman na nila yung ilog. Para hindi na umapaw yung tubig. Yun lang naman balita ko. Yun lang. A: O, salamat po!

  Name: Informant 17, Female, 46 Area of Residence: Barangay Tumana Length: 05:48 Alex (A): Good afternoon po! Ako po si Alex from UP Diliman, 5th year Communictaion Research. Tapos po, ito pong study na ‘to ay para sa thesis ko. Tungkol po ito sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS at under po noon yung One Team Tumana. So, sa interview po na ito, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Ang inyo pong identity ay itatago. Ang pagrecord ng panayam ay ginagamit lamang para sa data gathering at ang lahat ng resulta ay para sa pang-akademikong layunin po. So yung una pong tanong, alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa One Team Tumana? Informant 17 (E): One Team Tumana? Oo. A: So paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol dito? E: Lahat kami, bale nagkakaisa kami. Unang una, lalo na pag may problema, lahat kami sama-sama. So madali naming anuhin yung problema. A: Paano niyo po nalaman? E: Dito. Kasi pagdating na may problema, dito lahat samin ang ano. A: Ano po pala yung sinasabi ng One Team Tumana sa mga tao? E: Ayun. Bale nagkakaisa kaming lahat. Lahat kaming mga empleyado, residente. Kung mayroon mang hindi ano, iba yun. A: So bilang residente po, paano po nakarating sa inyo yung tungkol sa One Team Tumana? Ano po yung materyales na ginamit, kunwari po, meron po bang brochures, meron po bang seminar? E: Oo. Maraming seminar. Maraming ginagawa na seminar activity kasi open naman yung mga tao pag may activity. Halimbawa, may kailangan kami, andito yung mga tao. A: Ano po masasabi niyo tungkol sa mga materyales? Nakumbinsi po ba kayo doon? E: Syempre, para sa amin. Tapos tulong na rin sa amin dito. Kasi nakikita mo nagkakaisa kami. Kaya hindi sila magbigat magtulong. A: Bilang residente po, paano po kayo tumugan sa One Team Tumana?

E: Kasi halimbawa. Unang una, halimbawa katulad niyan. Pag may problema sa pagbagyo, di ba, pag may baha. Yan ang number one talaga dito sa amin. Tsaka yung mga kaguluhan. A: Paano po kayo tumugon doon? Sinunod niyo po ba? E: Syempre pag may tawag dito sa amin, aksyon kami kaagad. A: Ano po yung first impression niyo sa One Team Tumana? Yung una niyo pong naisip o naramdaman noong nalaman niyo po yung tungkol doon. E: Syempre, active kami! A: Ano po sa tingin niyo kung hanggang kailan siya dapat ipatupad? E: Hanggang andito kami. A: Alin naman po sa mga alituntunin ng One Team Tumana yung sa tingin niyo mahalaga? E: Yung pinakamahalaga yung pagserbisyo sa mga tao. Kung mga pangangailangan, andoon kaagad. Yun na yun. A: Eh alin po sa tingin niyo yung hindi mahalaga po? E: Wala. Wala. A: Kusang loob po ba kayong sumusunod dito, sa One Team Tumana? E: Oo. A: Dahil sinabi niyo pong opo, hanggang kailan niyo po siya susundin? E: Hanggang nandito kami. A: May alam po ba kayong problemang naranasan niyo habang ipinapatupad yung One Team Tumana? E: Marami. Maraming problema. A: Ano po halimbawa? E: Halimbawa, sa mga residente. Di mo masabi. Minsan mayroon din talaga na ano di ba. Ang pinakaproblema talaga yung sa pinansyal. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po ang idinulot na pakinabang ng One Team Tumana sa mga residente po? E: Isa na doon yung pakisama noong namumuno sa amin. Kapag sa mga tao, number one na yung nagkakaisa na kami talaga. A: Eh yung mga disadvantages po? Yung hindi po nakatulong? E: Eh ano na yun. Yung mga taong sinasabing walang pakialam sa mundo. (Laughs.) A: Last question po, meron po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para lalong mapaganda o mapabuti yung One Team Tumana? E: Ah para sa akin, hanggat andito ako, kung ano man ang kayo kong itulong, gagawin ko. A: Wala na po kayong gustong idagdag na alituntunin, patakaran? E: Wala. Kasi sila din ang nagbibigay sa amin kung anong dapat sundin namin. A: Pero kunwari po, mapaparating niyo po sa kanila? E: Yun, yung mga problema ng tao. Mga pinansyal eh. Kailangan dagdagan talaga sa pinansyal. Ayun talaga. A: Salamat po.   Name: Informant 18, Female, 34 Area of Residence: Barangay Tumana Length: 06:52 Alex (A): Good afternoon po. Ako po si Alex po from UP Diliman. Tapos po 5th year Communication Research po ako. Para po ito sa thesis ko, pero ang pinag-aaralan ko po talaga ay MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Pero dito po sa Barangay Tumana ang tawag daw po doon ay One Team Tumana. So ayun po, irerecord po ang panayam na ito pero para lang po yun sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin. Wala rin pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago din po yung pagkakakilanlan niyo. Yung unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung One Team Tumana? Informant 18 (L): Sa pagkakaalam ko, yung pagsasave kung paano mag-aral ng ginagamit nila. Yun lang. A: Paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol doon? L: Syempre sa nangyari dito sa amin. Noong Ondoy. A: Pinuntahan po nila kayo, ganon? L: Talagang pinaghandaan nila yan. Dahil yung nangyari noong Ondoy di ba? Hindi sila nakapaghanda noong una, ngayon inano na nila. A: Paano niyo po sila nalaman? Nakita niyo po ba sila? Nagpunta po ba sila sa inyo o dito lang po sa Barangay? L: Dito lang sa barangay. Syempre nagtatawag sila ng tao. Pagka, ilang beses na rin. Pag baha, noong Pedring. A: Ano po yung sinasabi nila sa inyo? Ng mga tagapagpatupad ng One Team Tumana. L: Halimbawa, kapag may baha, nag-aannounce kaagad sila sa mga tao. Nagtatawag kaagad sila na magsi-ano na kayo sa mga bahay. Sinasabi kaagad nila. Na pinapalikas na nila sa mga bahay. Maaga palang, bago palang tumaas ang tubig. A: Naaalala niyo pa po ba kung kailan po yun ipinatupad? L: Hindi na eh. Kailan ba yun? Pagkatapos ng Ondoy eh. A: Ano po yung mga materyales na ginamit nila para makarating sa inyo? L: Ano ba yun. Yung boat na yan. Yung megaphone. Pero yung iba yata, sa baba, sa creek, pinupuntahan nila. Yung boat na yan, pumapasok sa creek at pinupuntahan yung ibang mga taga-Tumana. A: Ano po yung masasabi niyo sa mga materyales na yun? Sapat na po ba? L: Kulang pa rin eh. Sa tingin ko kulang pa rin sa dami ng tao dito. Pero yung warning, lagi yun. Nag-aalarm. A: Saan po ba yung affected na area? L: Yan, katulad niyan. Paikot yan. May creek kasi diyan, paikot yan, hanggang doon. A: Paano po kayo tumugon doon sa One Team Tumana? Kusang loob po ba kayong sumunod? L: Syempre, kusang sumunod. Sa ikabubuti ng lahat. A: Ano po yung first impression niyo po o unang naisip o naramdaman noong nalaman niyo po yung tungkol sa One Team Tumana? L: Concerned sila sa mamamayan. Ginagawan nila ng paraan para sa mamayan. A: Sa tingin niyo po hanggang kailan po siya dapat ipatupad? L: Dapat siguro habang buhay. (Laughs.) Hanggang mapwesto sila. Habang buhay. Hanggang nakapwesto sila, yan ang pangako nila. Kahit mabago yung nakapwesto, yan pa rin sana. Kasi dito lang naman tayo nakakarinig ng pangakong ganoon eh. Yung sa susunod hindi natin alam. Hindi natin alam ang patakaran nila. Sana sa susunod na uupo, ganon pa rin di ba? A: Alin po sa mga alituntunin ng One Team Tumana ang sa tingin niyo pinakamahalaga? L: Katahimikan. Kasi magulo talaga dito. A: Pag po may sakuna? O palagi po? L: Pag may sakuna, andiyan naman sila palagi. Nakasuporta. A: Yung hindi po mahalaga sa patakaran nila, sa tingin niyo po, ano po yun? L: Sa tingin naman namin, lahat naman eh. Lahat importante. Maayos na kasi pamamalakad dito. Hindi gaya noon. A: Hanggang kailan niyo po susundin niyo? Yung One Team Tumana, yung pamamalakad nila? L: Hanggat nakikita namin na maayos. A: May alam po ba kayong problema na naranasan niyo habang ipinapatupad yung One Team Tumana? L: Wala naman. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po yung pakinabang na idinulot? L: Malaki. Malaking pakinabang. Pag malaking baha, lahat apektado. Pero yung hindi malaki, hindi na kami naapektuhan. A: Ano naman po yung disadvantages? Yung hindi po kapaki-pakinabang? L: Wala rin. A: Huling tanong na po, ano po yung puna niyo mungkahi para lalo pong mapabuti yung One Team Tumana? Ano po yung gusto niyong idagdag na patakaran o gawin para sa inyo? L: Outpost lang sa bawat bloke. Kasi may mga kabataan na palaging nagrarally. Sa kapaligiran, wala naman, sa baha. Order lang. A: Pero po sa pagbaha po? L: Wala naman. May warning naman. A: O sige po, salamat po.   Name: Informant 19, Male, 31 Area of Residence: Barangay Tumana Length: 05:01 Alex (A): Sir, good afternoon po! Ako po si Alex from UP Diliman, tapos po 5th year Communication Research po ako tapos may thesis po ako tungkol sa MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Tapos under po noon yung One Team Tumana. So sa interview po na ito, wala pong tama o maling sagot. Ang inyo pong identity ay itatago. Ang pagrecord ng panayam ay ginagamit lamang para sa data gathering at ang lahat ng mga resulta ay para lang sa pang-akademikong layunin po. So yung una pong tanong, alam niyo po ba yung tungkol sa One Team Tumana? Informant 19 (F): As of now, meron kaming One Team Tumana pero hindi ako ano doon. Bale, iba yung team na napasukan ko pero taga Tumana ako. A: So paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol doon? F: Ang nalaman ko kasi, yung One Team nila, alam ko meron kaming team na fire brigade, water rescue sa mga meron po kami. Sa mga relief, may team din diyan. Kaya tinawag na One Team Tumana. A: Ano po yung sinasabi tungkol doon? Ng One Team Tumana, ano po yung pinaparating sa mga tao. F: Pag tumutulong po sa Tumana, sa nangangailangan ng tulong. A: Naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po yun ipinatupad? F: Ah, noong ano. Noong Falcon. Doon po nagstart ang Falcon. A: Last year po yun? F: Oo. A: Ano po yung mga materyales na ginamit ng One Team Tumana para makarating po sa inyo? F: Syempre merong fliers, ganyan. May mga announcement din. A: Ano po yung masasabi niyo sa mga materyales na ginamit? Nakumbinsi po ba kayo? F: Ok naman. Wala namang ano. Kasi halos lahat naman noong nakalagay sa fliers sinusunod namin. A: So paano po kayo tumugon doon sa One Team Tumana bilang residente dito? F: Eh syempre, bilang isang residente ka, makikita mo naman yung isang tao pag nangangailangan ng tulong. Syempre. A: Ano po yung first impression niyo sa One Team Tumana? F: Maganda! Wala kang masabi. Nagtutulungan mga tao. A: Ano pong tingin niyo sa timeframe nito? Hanggang kailan po ito dapat ipatupad? F: Syempre hanggang, hanggang mayroong namumuno na kung baga agresibo siyang pamumuno sa grupo niya. Tuloy-tuloy yan. A: So alin po sa mga alituntunin ng One Team Tumana ang sa tingin niyo mahalaga? F: Ah yun yung mga team work? A: Eh yun pong hindi po mahalaga? F: Ang hindi mahalaga, syempre yung. Halimbawa, hindi magkasundo minsan sa isang team tsaka sa mga tao mismo. A: Eh kayo po, kusang loob po ba kayong sumusunod doon? F: Syempre. A: Kung oo po, hanggang kailan niyo po siya susundin? F: Hanggat kaya ko. (Laughs.) A: Ano po yung makakapigil sa inyo? Kunwari po, hindi niyo na kaya? F: Eh syempre kung halimbawa, hindi mo na kaya, depende naman sayo kung kaya mo pa o hindi. Kasi alangan namang hindi mo kaya tapos pipilitin mo. (Laughs.) A: May alam po ba kayong problemang naranasan niyo habang ipinapatupad yung One Team Tumana? F: Syempre pag yung, pag may sakuna lang naman nangyayari, syempre inuuna muna yung sarili bago iba. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po yung idinulot na pakinabang noon? F: Malaki syempre. Lalo na yung natulungan din ako ng One Team Tumana na yan. A: Paano po kayo natulungan? F: Halimbawa, wala kaming pera. Wala kaming makain, nagbibigay sila ng pagkain. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po yung idinulot na disadvantages? F: Parang wala naman. Wala pa naman. A: So last question na po, meron po ba kayong puna tsaka mungkahi sa One Team Tumana para mas mapabuti pa yun? F: Yun lang ang masasabi ko. Ipagpatuloy hanggang sa kaya yung One Team Tumana. A: Thank you po!   Name: Informant 20, Female, 53 Area of Residence: Barangay Tumana Length: 10:31 Alex (A): Good afternoon po. Ako po si Alex po from UP Diliman. Tapos po 5th year Communication Research po ako. Para po ito sa thesis ko, pero ang pinag-aaralan ko po talaga ay MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Pero dito po sa Barangay Tumana ang tawag daw po doon ay One Team Tumana. So ayun po, irerecord po ang panayam na ito pero para lang po yun sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin. Wala rin pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago din po yung pagkakakilanlan niyo. Yung unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung One Team Tumana? Informant 20 (S): Tumutulong sila pag may time na may baha. Sumusunod lang sila sa ano. Hindi ka ano sa kanila. A: Paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa kanila? S: Kapag dumarating sila, nakaparking sila sa kahapon. Nakapark sila dito, hanggang gabi na yun. Yun ang nakikita ko dito. A: Ano naman po ang sinasabi nila? S: Ayun, nagwawangwang na sila. Nag-aabiso sila na mag-alisan na kayo, kasi andiyan na. Nag-aalert na sila. Nagbigay na sila ng ano sa mga tao. A: Naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po yun nagsimula? S: Ang tagal na namin dito eh. Noong umupo si Ziffred diyan, lahat kami nagkaroon na ng parang wangwang. Yung wangwang na kapag may dumadating na tubig sa ilog, yun ang sign na pag narinig mo na yun, magready na. Pag one-two-three, pagdating ng tatlong ganoon, ibig sabihin, danger na. A: Eh ilang taon na po ba si Kap dito? S: One year palang mahigit. Yung kay Baby naman, wala pang ganoon eh. Meron diyan yung sakuna, na kapag dumating na yung bagyo na talaga, sinasabi na lamang na mag-ready na kayo. A: Eh bukod po sa sirena, ano pa po yung ginamit nilang materyales para makarating po sa inyo yung gusto nilang iparating? S: Ayun, nagmimicrophone sila. Umiikot sila tapos nag-aano sila noon tsaka wangwang. A: Ano naman po ang masasabi niyo sa materyales nila na yun? Nakumbinsi po ba kayo? S: Ok naman. Oo, para naman nalalaman namin kung nasaan na ba kami. Kung maayos pa o ano na, mahirap na. Kung baga nasa ano na pala kami, hindi pa namin alam. Katulad noon, ang laki na pala ng ilog, wala kaming kaalam-alam. A: Nagulat po kayo? S: Nagulat na kami. Yun. Maganda yung ginamit nila ngayon, mga materyales na ganoon. A: Paano naman po kayo tumugon sa kanila? S: Kami pag narinig namin na, at andiyan na sila para magwarning. Alisto na kami. Alis na rin kami. Kung may itaas kami, naglalagay na kami ng impake doon. A: Eh ano po yung una niyong naramdaman or naisip noong nalaman niyo po yung tungkol sa One Team Tumana? S: Syempre, na-ano din kami dahil maganda para sa amin. Nakakatulong ng malaki. Kahit na andito ka, nagwang-wang na yun, maririnig mo na agad eh. Rinig na rinig. Kaya yang project na yan, maganda. Maganda para sa taga-Tumana. Malaki naitulong niyan. Yung mga malayo sa ilog, alam na kaagad nila na ay, ang laki na ng tubig. A: Eh sa tingin niyo po, hanggang kailan niyo po iyon dapat ipatupad? S: Hanggat meron. Taon-taon naman kapag bumabagyo dito, kasi bahain talaga dito. Merong ginagawa kasi sa may ilog, naglalagay sila ng malaking dike ngayon, aayusin yun. Siguro pag ayos na yung malaking dike na yun, mawawala na kami sa mga ganyang sitwasyon. Di ba? A: Sa tingin niyo po, alin po sa mga ipinapatupad ng One Team Tumana yung sa tingin niyo hindi po mahalaga? S: Yung hindi mahalaga, yung pagdating na ng relief. Kunwari, nabaha na ang lahat, pero yung nauuna, ang nakikinabang, yung malayo pa. Yung hindi nabaha na lugar. Lahat naman kami nababaha ng tubig pero bakit yung binibigay nila eh, iniiba-iba. Pinipili. Ganun. Yun lang ang hindi mahalaga. A: Eh yun pong sa tingin niyo po pinakamahalaga naman po? S: Pinakamahalaga yung nagkakaroon kami ng, nalalaman namin kay Ziffred na pagdating na ganoong sitwasyon, nagpapadala na kaagad siya na ayan, mag-alisan na kayo. Nag-wawarning na kaagad. Yan ang talagang magandang nangyari sa Tumana. Sa tagal namin dito, ngayon lang kami nagkaroon ng ganoon. Yung ganoong sitwasyon. A: Kusang loob naman po kayong sumusunod doon? S: Oo. Kasi alam namin na ano yun, pag narinig namin yung 1-2-3, lalo na yung tatlo, alam na namin talaga. Kasi nag-ano na sila ng roving na kapag narinig niyo na po yung isa, ano na po yan, ready. Pag pangalawa, halina kayo, mag-ayos-ayos na. Pag pangatlo, alis na at gawin kung ano ang dapat gawin. A: Ano po yun? Sinusundo po nila kayo? S: Kapag yung meron na kaming taas na third floor, doon na lang kami. A: May alam po ba kayong problemang naranasan habang pinapatupad po yun? S: Hindi, katulad namin. Nagkaroon kami ng karanasan sa Ondoy, hindi namin alam na ganon. Nagutom kami sa bubong, wala kaming mahingan ng tulong. Yun talaga. Doon kami nagulat na bakit nangyari sa amin yung ganoon, di ba? Na wala kaming mahingan ng tulong, walang tumulong sa amin. Pati pagkain, halos wala sa bubong. Wala! Magdamagan kami doon, walang kain. Pati mga bata, talagang ano na lang talaga. Yun na lang ang pasalamat namin na ang Panginoon, binigyan kami ng. Kung hindi pa tumigil yun, talagang wala na kami. Lunod na kami. A: Eh yun pong naipatupad na po ni Kap yung One Team Tumana, may problema pa po ba? S: Hindi na, maayos-ayos naman na kasi nagkaroon sila ng boat na nakakaabot kung saan-saan samin. Nagkaroon na sila ng ganoon. Kasi dati, wala. Kaya kami nastranded. A: Ano po yung idinulot na pakinabang ng One Team Tumana? S: Pakinabang. Nakatulong sila sa amin. Inaano nila yung mga tao, talagang sinusundo nila. Inaarrange nila, maayos naman lahat bago sila umalis. Maganda naman din. Kaya pagdating talaga ng ganyan, nagkakaroon ng pagkakaisa talaga. A: Eh yung hindi kapaki-pakinabang po? S: Hindi. Wala naman kasi yata na-encounter na ganoon. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba silang puna o mungkahi para po lalong mapaganda ang One Team Tumana? S: Ayun, yung maayos lang ang aming ilog. Para yung pag may bagyo, hindi na kami nahahassle masaydo. Yung panahon dati, nahihirapan na kasi maghanap ng malilipatan talaga. Wala na, papunta na kasi lahat doon yung mga tao. A: Saan po doon? S: Sa bundok. Sa Montalban, San Mateo. Eh mas maganda dito. Kasi papalayo na. Marami talagang hindi umaalis dito sa Tumana sa totoo lang. Kasi yung mga hanapbuhay namin. Andito rin yung mga anak naming nag-aaral. Mas malapit. Pwedeng maglakad. Malaking tulong sa amin kung magkakaroon kami ng, kung magsusurvive yung ilog namin. Kapag nagawa yun, maganda talaga ang mangyayari. Hindi na siya maaapektuhan dito. A: Salamat po!

  Name: Informant 21, Female, 22 Area of Residence: Barangay Tumana Length: 04:26 Alex (A): Good afternoon po. Ako po si Alex po from UP Diliman. Tapos po 5th year Communication Research po ako. Para po ito sa thesis ko, pero ang pinag-aaralan ko po talaga ay MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Pero dito po sa Barangay Tumana ang tawag daw po doon ay One Team Tumana. So ayun po, irerecord po ang panayam na ito pero para lang po yun sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin. Wala rin pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago din po yung pagkakakilanlan niyo. Yung unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung One Team Tumana? Informant 21 (D): Oo. A: Tapos po, paano niyo po nalaman yung tungkol sa kanila? D: Nakita namin. Nakita ko sila. Nirescue nila yung kapitbahay namin. A: Eh ano po yung sinasabi nila sa inyo? D: Sinasabi nila ano, umalis na lang kayo diyan, kasi nga, tataas pa daw yung tubig. Pero kami, hindi kami umaalis eh. Yung mga kapitbahay namin umaalis. A: Naalala niyo po na kung kailan po yun nagsimula? D: Noong Ondoy, tapos Pedring. A: Ano naman po yung materyales na ginagamit nila para maiparating sa inyo yung gusto nilang sabihin? D: Lahat sila pumupunta. A: Ano po masasabi niyo sa ginagawa nila na yun? Nakukumbinsi po ba lahat? D: Yung iba, hindi. Yung iba, nakukumbinsi naman. Kahit mataas yung bahay ng iba. Yung iba naman kasi, parang natrauma sa Ondoy. Kaya kahit hanggang tuhod palang yung tubig, ayun, lumilikas na. A: Paano naman po kayo tumugon sa One Team Tumana, sabi niyo po kanina hindi po kayo umaalis di ba po? D: Andoon lang kami sa bahay. A: Mataas po kayo? D: Oo. A: So ano naman po yung first impression niyo po? D: Parang ok naman. Kaya lang minsan, kung sino pa yung mataas, doon pa sila tumutulong. Parang pili yung mga tinutulungan nila. A: Ano naman po sa tingin niyo kung hanggang kailan po yun dapat ipatupad? D: Hanggang matapos yung.. sakuna. A: Alin po sa mga ginagawa nila yung tingin niyong mahalaga? D: Pagtulong sa kapwa. A: Yung hindi naman po mahalaga? D: Wala naman. A: Kusang loob po ba kayong sumusunod sa kanila? D: Depende. Sa patakaran nila. Kung maganda ba o panget? A: May alam po ba kayong problemang naranasan habang ipinapatupad nila yung One Team Tumana? D: Sa ngayon, wala naman. A: Sa inyong opinyon po, ano po mga idinulot na pakinabang ng pagtulong ng One Team Tumana? D: Nakatulong naman din sila, lalo sa mga tao. Nakapagbigay din ng relief. A: Eh yung hindi po kapaki-kapakinabang? D: Wala rin. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para po mapabuti po yung ginagawa nila? D: Pagbutihin lang nila ginagawa nila para walang masabi yung ibang tao. Kasi merong iba, kapag may unos lang tsaka sila tutulong. Kapag wala, wala. Yung iba naman tutulong lang sila pag inutusan. A: Sana may kusa sila? D: Oo. A: Ok po, salamat po ate.   Name: Informant 22, Female, 41 Area of Residence: Barangay Tumana Length: 04:26 Alex (A): Good afternoon po. Ako po si Alex po from UP Diliman. Tapos po 5th year Communication Research po ako. Para po ito sa thesis ko, pero ang pinag-aaralan ko po talaga ay MMDA OPLAN UNOS. Pero dito po sa Barangay Tumana ang tawag daw po doon ay One Team Tumana. So ayun po, irerecord po ang panayam na ito pero para lang po yun sa data gathering at pang-akademikong layunin. Wala rin pong tama o maling sagot. Itatago din po yung pagkakakilanlan niyo. Yung unang tanong po, alam niyo po ba yung One Team Tumana? Informant 22 (R): Ah yung doon sa Marikina? Yung mga brigade? A: Opo, ganun. Yung tungkol po sa kanila, ano po sinasabi po noon? R: Nagwawarning sila. Yun lang. A: Ganoon lang po? Naalala niyo po ba kung kailan po yun nagsimula? R: Noong mag-Ondoy. A: Ano po yung materyales na ginagamit nila para mawarningan kayo? R: Yung truck na umuugong. Sirena, pag malaki na ilog. A: Ano po masasabi niyo doon sa ginamit po nila, sa truck po na yun? Ok po ba? Nakumbinsi po ba yung mga tao. R: Kasi minsan, pag walang tubig, di sila umaalis hanggat walang ano. A: Pag grabe na lang po? R: Pag grabe na lang. A: Paano naman po kayo tumugon doon? R: Tinitingnan namin yung ilog kung may tubig. Kasi pag mataas na, apaw na yan. A: Ano po yung una niyong naramdaman o naisip nung nakita niyo po sila? R: Syempre, hinahanda na namin yung damit. Tinataas na namin, tapos naka-sako para hindi mabasa. Kasi dati, basang basa yun. A: Ano po yung tingin niyo kung hanggang kailan po dapat yun ipatupad? Yung pagtulong po ng One Team Tumana? R: Eh sila binabayaran naman sila. May sweldo naman yung mga yan eh! A: So hanggat binabayaran po sila? R: Oo. Oo. Di ba? A: Alin po samga alituntunin po nila yung sa tingin niyo mahalaga? R: Alituntunin. Wala naman sila inaano na ano eh, minsan pag ano lang. Yun lang, mga sirena, nagwawarning, tapos may tubig na. A: Alin po sa tingin niyo naman po yung hindi mahalaga? R: Hindi ko alam! Hindi ko naman sila nakikita palagi eh! A: Eh kayo po, kusang loob naman po kayong sumusunod pag andiyan na sila? R: Oo. Sumusunod naman kami kasi pag nakikita naming talagang may tubig diyan. A: Hanggang kailan niyo po sila balak sundin? R: Eh syempre, hindi mo naman sila susundin pag walang tubig. (Laughs.) Di ba? A: Meron po ba kayong alam na naging problema habang ipinapatupad yung One Team Tumana? R: Eh syempre, inuuna nila yung nasa baba. Sa may ilog, yung malapit sa may ilog kasi sila yung unang unang tintulungan. Saka hindi naman sila marami, konti lang. A: Ahh, konti lang po? R: Hindi lahat natutulungan. Kanya-kanyang diskarte na lang para makasurvive doon. A: Pero sa tingin niyo po, ok lang po na unahin nila yung nasa baba? R: Oo. Syempre, sila ang unang unang naanuhan ng tubig doon eh. Yung mga nasa ilog. A: Sa inyong opinyon din po, ano po ang pakinabang na naidulot? R: Syempre ano na rin sila, malalaman mo na may tubig na pala. Malalaman mo kasi ang ingay-ingay eh. Nandiyan na pala yung tubig, ikaw andoon ka pa pala sa bahay mo. A: Yun pong hindi kapaki-pakinabang, meron po ba? R: Wala naman akong nakitang ganoon. At least nakatulong sila sa mamamayan na ganyan ang ginagawa nila, winawarningan nila ang mga tao para lumikas na. Kasi kung may tubig na, mahirap na lumikas. Baka malunod ka pa kapag.. A: Huling tanong na po, meron po ba kayong puna o mungkahi para po mas mapabuti o gumanda yung ginagawa nilang One Team Tumana? R: Ok naman. Ok naman ang trabaho nila, serbisyo nila. Tsaka may disiplina naman sila sa sarili nila. Lagi sana nilang nasa puso na talagang makatulong sa iba. Hindi lang yung para swelduhan sila, kung hindi meron talaga silang kusa na tumulong talaga sa iba na hindi kaya. Yun nga. Di ba? A: Ate, may gusto po ba kayong idagdag sa ginagawa nila? Kasi sabi niyo po, wangwang. R: Wangwang lang talaga. Ikot-ikot. (Laughs.) Siguro sa barangay na yan eh! Sa kanila na yang trabaho kung ano ikabubuti. Nakikita din naman nila yan eh. A: Sige po, salamat po!

  APPENDIX E Documents from the Marikina City Council Ordinance No. 53 Series of 2011   APPENDIX F Documents from the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Inclement Weather Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan OPLAN UNOS