Editing GE 12: General Surveying II (section)

== General Topics ==
I.	Introduction to General Surveying<br />
- History of Surveying, Ancient Surveying Instruments, Types of Surveying, Units of Measure, Survey Errors and Mistakes, Accuracy and Precision, Tacheometry, Stadia Method, Subtense Bar Method<br />
II.	Surveying Fieldwork<br />
- Survey Field Notebook, Field Notes, Survey Party, Care and Handling of Survey Instruments<br />
III.	Control Surveying<br />
- Horizontal Control, Vertical Control, Reference Datum, Methods in Control Surveying<br />
IV.	Leveling<br />
- Earth’s Curvature and Refraction, Terms in Leveling, Organization of Leveling Unit, Benchmark Setting, Techniques in Leveling, Benchmark, Errors, Differential Leveling, Double Rod Leveling, Three-wire Leveling, Profile Leveling, Trigonometric Leveling, Stadia Leveling, Barometric Leveling, River Crossing<br />
V.	Horizontal Positioning<br />
- TRAVERSE: Interior Angle Traverse, Deflection Angle Traverse, Traverse by Angle to the Right, Azimuth Traverse, Traverse Computations, Methods of Traverse Adjustment; TRIANGULATION: Types of Triangulation Networks, Strength of Figure, Spherical Excess; TRILATERATION: Principles, Methods, Adjustment <br />
VI.	Introduction to Cartography and Topographic Surveying <br />
	- History of Cartography, Characteristics of Maps, Classification of Maps, Purpose of Maps, Map Scales ; Topographic Maps, Uses and Applications, Control Establishment, Techniques of Obtaining Details on the Ground, Techniques of Plotting Contours <br />
VII.	Hydrographic Surveying <br />
- Principles and Definition of Terms related to Hydrographic Surveying, Controlling Vessel Position, Electronic Positioning System, Soundings and Charts, Dredging Operations, Volumetric Discharge Computations, Volume Computations <br />
VIII.	Astronomical Observations <br />
- Celestial Sphere, Celestial Coordinate System, Astronomic Triangle, Various Methods of Azimuth Determination, Solar Observations <br />
IX.	Mine Surveying <br />
- Definition of Terms, Instruments and Processes, Underground Surveying Computations, Traverse and Azimuth Computations Underground, Borehole Computations, Eccentric Telescopes, Weisbach and Hause Methods <br />
X.	Global Positioning System <br />
- History of GPS, Definition of Terms related to GPS, Principles and Data from GPS, Errors in GPS <br />

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