Iskomunidad - User contributions [en]

SAKIT: ILLNESS AS SOCIAL CONTROL AMONG THE ADGAWAN-MANOBO OF TAGBAYANGBAYANG

2012-11-23T05:22:52Z

Rcbaluyot:

M.A. Anthropology (October 2012) 
Jimmy D. Sales 

ABSTRACT 

This study is an anthropological inquiry on the Adgawan-Manobo concept of sakit as a cause of illness in relation to social control. It is a qualitative study focused on the folk medical sector of the Adgawan-Manobo community of Tagbayangbayang in the municipality of Bunawan Agusan del Sur. 

Tan (2008) and Helman (2007) quoted Kleinman (1980) in his proposition of the explanatory model of illness. This study follows Kleinmanm's explanatory model of health care. It probes the circumstances surrounding the illness of the person: its signs and symptoms, the gravity of the illness, the medical intervention which the caregivers administer to the ill, and the cause of the illness. It is consistent with the interpretive anthropologists whose concept of culture posits that “Man is suspended in the webs of significance he himself has spun” (Geertz, 1973: 5). This concept of culture puts all the social discourses into an interconnected world of meanings that continuously shape and reshape each other. I present here the aspects of the medical discourse which overlap with the political discourse particularly in the context of social control. The general objective of this research is to establish the connection between the concept of sakit as a cause of illness and the concept of social control. 

To achieve this general objective, I define the concept of sakit in the particular context of the Adgawan-Manobo society by delineating the other concepts which are closely related to but are different from it. These are the concepts of pilit, haboy, ba 'yu, yabha and lay-gay. In diagnosing illness related to sakit, the diwatahans, who are folk medical experts in this sector of health care, rely on the two ways of diagnosing the illness: one is called gud-gud and the other one is the examination of the physical manifestation of the illness such as: changes in the skin tone, changes the body shape, and body sensation. 

The general attitude of the family members of the ill person and the community in general, shows how illness becomes a mechanism of social control. Their words of exhortations and their act of isolating the ill show that illness is made to tool for making the members of the society adhere to the established moral standard. The key words and the symbolic actions and objects in the healing rituals were picked out and analyzed using the semantic and symbolic analysis. The said connections between these two concepts were then established. 

Because the punitive nature of sakit, the healing rituals focus on the ill person's remorse and supplication for forgiveness. The words spoken during the ritual of the healing and the symbols used point to towards forgiveness of the person’s transgressions whatever these transgressions may be. These rituals are directed towards the spirits who may have been offended by the offended person. These spirits are the powers behind the control of society. The Adgawan-Manobos of Bunawan believe that these spirits are the ones who inflict sakit on those who are disrespectful and disobedient. Since they are the ones who inflict sakit in the first place they are the same ones who are capable of taking the sakit away by their act of forgiving the offender. 

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2012 Thesis]][[Category:Anthropology Dept Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]]

Pampulitikang Maragtas Kang Antique 1888-2008

2012-11-23T05:20:47Z

Rcbaluyot:

ALBERTO TOLEDO PAALA JR. 
MA Kasaysayan (Marso 2009) 
Departmento ng Kasaysayan 

Abstract 

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay nakasentro sa kasaysayang pampulitika ng Antique mula sa Pag-alsa sa Igbaong noong 1888 hanggang sa taong 2008. Sinasaklaw nito ang mga mahalagang pangyayari sa lalawigan at binibigyan ng diin ang mga proyekto ng bawat gobernador. Mula rito malalaman natin kung ang mga programa ba ng mga gobernador na ito ay tumutugon doon sa pangangailangan ng mga mamamayan ng lalawigan. 

Nahahati ito sa labing dalawang kabanata. Ang pagpasya sa paghahati hati ng bawat panahon sa pag-aaral na ito ay nasa may-akda. Ang unang kabanata ay ang pagpapaliwanag ng paksa, sinundan ito ng heograpiya at maikling kasaysayan ng lalawigan bago pa man maganap ang pag-alsa sa Igbaong. Sumunod dito ang pakikipaglaban ng mga Antiqueńo laban sa mga Espanyol at Amerikano. 

Binigyan ng pansin ang mga patakaran ng mga Amerikano sa lalawigan at ang mga naihalal na mga gobernador sa panahong ito. Sa panahon ng Hapon sinuri ang pagsusumikap ng mga gerilya na ipagpatuloy ang pakikipaglaban sa mga Hapones sa kabila ng kakulangan ng armas at pagkain. 

Ang sumunod pang mga kabanata ay nakasentro sa mga kaganapan sa lalawigan pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig hanggang sa taong 2008. Mapapansin na sa panunungkulan ni Evelio na mahaba ang pagtalakay ng may-akda. May kinalaman ito sa kahalagahan ng kanyang panunungkulan at gayundin din naman sa dami ng dokumento ng aking nakalap tungkol sa kanya at sa kanyang mga programa na nakasentro sa kabuhi (buhay), dungug (dangal) at ginhawa ng lalawigan na masasabing mga sangkap o katangian ng pagkatao ni Evelio bilang modelo o huwarang pangkalinangan. Mula sa pag-aaral na ito malinaw na ang Antique ay may sariling maragtas at kalinangan na mahalagang bahagi ng pambansang kasaysayan na nararapat lamang ipagmalaki ng mga Antiqueńo at ng mga Pilipino sa pangkalahatan.

Pampulitikang Maragtas Kang Antique 1888-2008

2012-11-23T05:20:16Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: Pampulitikang Maragtas Kang Antique, 1888-2008Pampulitikang Maragtas Kang Antique, 1888-2008 ALBERTO TOLEDO PAALA JR. MA Kasaysayan (Marso 2009) Departmento ng Kasaysayan...

Pampulitikang Maragtas Kang Antique, 1888-2008Pampulitikang Maragtas Kang Antique, 1888-2008 
ALBERTO TOLEDO PAALA JR. 
MA Kasaysayan (Marso 2009) 
Departmento ng Kasaysayan 

Abstract 

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay nakasentro sa kasaysayang pampulitika ng Antique mula sa Pag-alsa sa Igbaong noong 1888 hanggang sa taong 2008. Sinasaklaw nito ang mga mahalagang pangyayari sa lalawigan at binibigyan ng diin ang mga proyekto ng bawat gobernador. Mula rito malalaman natin kung ang mga programa ba ng mga gobernador na ito ay tumutugon doon sa pangangailangan ng mga mamamayan ng lalawigan. 

Nahahati ito sa labing dalawang kabanata. Ang pagpasya sa paghahati hati ng bawat panahon sa pag-aaral na ito ay nasa may-akda. Ang unang kabanata ay ang pagpapaliwanag ng paksa, sinundan ito ng heograpiya at maikling kasaysayan ng lalawigan bago pa man maganap ang pag-alsa sa Igbaong. Sumunod dito ang pakikipaglaban ng mga Antiqueńo laban sa mga Espanyol at Amerikano. 

Binigyan ng pansin ang mga patakaran ng mga Amerikano sa lalawigan at ang mga naihalal na mga gobernador sa panahong ito. Sa panahon ng Hapon sinuri ang pagsusumikap ng mga gerilya na ipagpatuloy ang pakikipaglaban sa mga Hapones sa kabila ng kakulangan ng armas at pagkain. 

Ang sumunod pang mga kabanata ay nakasentro sa mga kaganapan sa lalawigan pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig hanggang sa taong 2008. Mapapansin na sa panunungkulan ni Evelio na mahaba ang pagtalakay ng may-akda. May kinalaman ito sa kahalagahan ng kanyang panunungkulan at gayundin din naman sa dami ng dokumento ng aking nakalap tungkol sa kanya at sa kanyang mga programa na nakasentro sa kabuhi (buhay), dungug (dangal) at ginhawa ng lalawigan na masasabing mga sangkap o katangian ng pagkatao ni Evelio bilang modelo o huwarang pangkalinangan. Mula sa pag-aaral na ito malinaw na ang Antique ay may sariling maragtas at kalinangan na mahalagang bahagi ng pambansang kasaysayan na nararapat lamang ipagmalaki ng mga Antiqueńo at ng mga Pilipino sa pangkalahatan.

PAGPAPATAWAD: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT AND ITS PROCESSES

2012-11-23T05:13:58Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: PAGPAPATAWAD: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT AND ITS PROCESSES LEAH VENEESSA L. VALBUENA MA PSYCHOLOGY (APRIL 2009) Department of Psychology This study att...

PAGPAPATAWAD: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT AND ITS PROCESSES 

LEAH VENEESSA L. VALBUENA 
MA PSYCHOLOGY (APRIL 2009) 
Department of Psychology 

This study attempted to capture the meaning of Pagpapatawad. It also aimed to identify: 1) aspects of Pagpapatawad, 2) factors that hindered or facilitated Pagpapatawad, 3) the processes and skills involved, and 4) other Filipino terms associated with Pagpapatawad. Pagpapatawad was initially translated as “forgiveness” but the results showed that this may be incorrect. 

Preliminary work suggested that Pagpapatawad could fruitfully be embedded within Decenteceo’s Pagdadala Model, which consequently became the theoretical framework of the study. In this framework, Pagpapatawad is about the continued bearing of relationships and experiences, both being made easier to bear through Pagpapatawad. 

The study was qualitative; sampling was purposive. There were twenty participants (ten males and ten females) who were between 20 and 35 years old and were in the middle income range. They underwent in-depth interviews that were semi-structured. Themes and patterns were extracted and subjected to further analysis using the Pagdadala model. (A main idea from the Pagdadala model is that of Pagsasaayos: the rearranging of a burden to make it easier to carry.) 

An important Pagpapatawad process was Pagririyalays (“to realize” used in a Filipino context) which is made up of 1) pagjajastifay (“to justify,” i.e., make allowances, again used in a Filipino context), 2) pag-iintindi, and 3) pagpapakahulugan. Another important process is Pagbitaw of either a relationship or experience. Terms associated with this process were: pinalipas, hinayaan, nilampasan, kinalimutan or nakalimutan. The goal of these processes is to produce a lighter (mas magaan) relationship or experience. Otherwise, one or the other is let go of. When both are released, no Pagpapatawad happens. 

When one or the other (or both) is retained Pagpapatawad happens. 

The study concludes that Pagpapatawad is not the equivalent of forgiveness. Recommendations for further study are also discussed.

PAGKAKAMAG-ANAK AT PULITIKA SA ISANG PAMAYANANG ITA SA TAYABAS, QUEZON

2012-11-23T01:27:47Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: PAGKAKAMAG-ANAK AT PULITIKA SA ISANG PAMAYANANG ITA SA TAYABAS, QUEZON ROLAN B. ALDOVINO MA ANTHROPOLOGY (APRIL 2011) Department of Anthropology Ang pag-aaral...

PAGKAKAMAG-ANAK AT PULITIKA SA ISANG PAMAYANANG ITA SA TAYABAS, QUEZON 

ROLAN B. ALDOVINO 
MA ANTHROPOLOGY (APRIL 2011) 
Department of Anthropology 

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay tumutukoy sa pagkakamag-anak at pulitika sa isang pamayanang Ita sa Tayabas, Quezon. Kinilala nito ang sistema ng pagkakamag-anak na palasak sa pamayanan. Tinukoy rin ng pag-aaral ang pagkakaugnay ng pagkakamag-anak at pulitika sa pamayanang nabanggit. Bibigyang-diin nito ang mga relasyong pampulitika ng mga Ita kaugnay ng kanilang pagkakamag-anak, kasama ang kanilang mga konsepto tungkol ditto kabilang ang mga ritwal, paniniwala at tradisyon, at ang pagkakabuo ng balangkas nito. 

Ang pulitika sa pag-aaral na ito ay sumasaklaw sa anumang relasyong pangkapangyarihan o anumang gawaing may kaugnayan sa impluwensya – ang kakayahang mapagpabago o maapektuhan ang kilos, kaisipan at pagpapasya ng iba ayon sa sariling kagustuhan – kasama na ang balangkas ng organisasyong panlipunan. Ang pagkakamag-anak ay sasakop sa pagkakaugnay-ugnay ng mga tao sa pamamagitan dugo at mga ritwal, kabilang ang konsepto ng pamilya at mga karapatan at tungkulin ng mga kasapi nito. 

Binabaybay ng pag-aaral ang mga kaisipan mula sa mga teorya ng pagbabalangkas, practice, agency at puhunan o capital. Ayon sa kaisipan ng pagbabalangkas, ang kalinangan o kultura ay may likas na pagkakabuo at bunga ng paghubog ng panahon. Ang mga kasapi ng lipunan ay umaangkop batay sa mga nasabing anyo o bahagi ng lipunan. Kabilang sa mga bahaging ito ng lipunan ang mga institusyon tulad ng pagkakamag-anak at pulitika.

Ang bawat institusyon ay binuo at nilinang upang tugunan ang mga likas at pangunahin nitong pangangailangan. Ang mga institusyon at ang mga kaukulang balangkas nito, kasunod ng mga kaisipan ukol sa practice at agency, ay pinananatili at nililinang ng mga kasapi ayon sa nabatid nilang kapakinabangan sa bawat bahagi nito. 

Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasagawa ng mga kasapi sa bawat bahagi ng kanilang pamumuhay, unti-unting nahuhubog ang kanilang kalinangan o kultura. Kasabay nito, kumikilos ang mga kasapi ng lipunan ayon sa kinakailangan nilang pagtugon sa mga kaganapan sa kanilang paligid gamit ang mga natipon nilang puhunan, alinman sa puhunang panglipunan, pang-ekonomiya, pangkalinangan. Ito ang kanilang sandigan para sa pagpapatuloy o pagpapanatili ng mga sistemang kanilang binuo para sa kanilang kapakinabangan. 

Inilalahad ng pag-aaral ang halaga ng pagkakamag-anak para sa mga Ita sa Tayabas at ang bahgi nito bilang isang salik at institusyon ng lipunan. Ipinapakita rin nito ang balangkas ng pagkakamag-anak at kung paano ito hinubog ng mga katutubo sa pamayanan ayon sa mga kaganapan sa kanilang paligid. Kasunod rin nito, inilarawan ang mga palasak na ugnayang pampulitika na kinasasangkutan ng mga Ita kabilang na ang kanilang mga pakikipag-ugnayang panloob at panlabas.Tinukoy rin nito ang mga pagsasalimbayan ng mga aspetong pampulitika at pagkakamag-anak mula sa kanilang mga pakikitungo at pakikipag-ugnayan sa pamayanan at maging sa iba pang institusyong may kaugnayan sa kanila. 

Mula sa mga nakalap na kabatiran at kaganapan, natukoy ng pag-aaral ang maraming pagbabago at pag-angkop ng pamayanang Ita bilang isang aktibong tagapagpadaloy at tagapagpakilos. Ang mga pagtugon na ito ng pamayanan ang humubog sa mga balangkas at institusyong panlipunang kanilang ginagamit, pangunahin sa pagkakamag-anak at sistemang pampulitika. Kung magkagayon, masasabing ang pamayanang Ita ay aktibong gumagalaw ayon sa mga pagtugon na kailangan o mabisa batay sa sarili nilang pagtaya. 

Ang pag-aaral na ito sa pagkakamag-anak ng mga Ita sa Tongko, gayundin sa sistema ng kanilang pulitika, ay mahalaga sa higit na pag-uunawa sa mga marginal na pamayanan na maaaring akatulong sa pagbuo ng higit na maayos na pakikipag-ugnayan ng iba pang pamayanan sa mga lipunang nabanggit. Ito ay maaring makapagbigay ng liwanag sa mga ganitong kaganapan at maaaring maging batayan sa paglutas ng ilan sa salimuot na dulot ng mga nasabing pagbabago. Maaari rin maging saligan ito ng iba pang pag-aaral ukol sa mga relasyong panlipunan o sa balangkas nito.

Negotiating Gender, Culture, and Religion in Marriage and Family Life Transitions: Her stories of Fourteen Maranao Muslim Women

2012-11-23T01:24:11Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: Negotiating Gender, Culture, and Religion in Marriage and Family Life Transitions: Her stories of Fourteen Maranao Muslim Women TERESITA IBARRA-TABERDO PhD Sociology (November...

Negotiating Gender, Culture, and Religion in Marriage and Family Life Transitions: Her stories of Fourteen Maranao Muslim Women 
TERESITA IBARRA-TABERDO 
PhD Sociology (November 2008) 
Department of Sociology 

Teresita Ibarra-Taberdo. Negotiating Gender, Culture and Religion in Marriage and Family Life Transitions: Her stories of Fourteen Maranao Muslim Women. 297 pp. 

This is an interpretive study of Maranao women. It is about women’s actions or agency or the ways by which women make sense of their lives in relation to transitions in life. Transitions include the entry to the marriage market, the marriage-reproduction phase, getting out of marriage, coping with widowhood, and the assumption to traditional social roles in later years. The study specifically aims to describe the life course of Maranao women indicated by transitions or passages in relation to marriage and family life; to describe how Maranao women make sense of transitions within the context of social, cultural, religious pressures and historical time/conditions; and to identify the individual attributes and social structures enabling or constraining Maranao women’s adjustment to transitions. 

The study underscores the triple layer of contexts that Maranao women negotiate-as women negotiating their own space within the institutions of marriage and family wherein much of their lives are rooted; as members of a national group with marriage patterns and practices dictated by the group’s own distinct culture; and as members of a religious group sharing the same faith with other women in various social settings. 

The study used the concepts – transition and human agency – of the action-interaction model of the life course perspective. Within this perspective, individuals are viewed as active agents but actions are seen in interaction with socio-cultural factors and historical time, and human agency is seen in a dynamic relationship with social constraints. Women’s agency includes goals, aspirations, decisions, actions as well as acts of acquiescence, surrender and non-conformity and other strategies; acts which may be less dramatic or what is referred to as “acts of everyday resistance” to assert survival or self-determination in realtion to a problem, social role, coping strategy, or specific situations in various life transitions. 

With time as an analytical construct within the life course approach, and to capture the various transitions in life, the sample group was conceptualized to represent women from youth to maturity to old age. In this study, the sample women participants’ ages ranged from 17 to 70 years with many falling in-between. The qualitative design of the study included in-depth unstructured and semi-structured interviews and various roles of observation and participation. There were 27 women study participants and 4 men interviewees; however, the analyses focused on the interpretation of the life stories of 14 women with whom more interviews were conducted. 

Women’s actions and responses in the various transitions showed similarity as well as differences depending on their social locations in terms of age or generation, education, traditional social rank, religious perspective, specific circumstances, or combination of these individual attributes. Actions of women in relation to the marriage norm, the norm arranged marriage, and the norm of individual choice of husband before marriage showed patterns of conformity as well as nonconformity, each with some differences. Majority still conformed to the marriage norm, i.e., married either by the traditionally arranged way or by their own individual choice. However, in terms of generation, only old generation women conformed-by way of submission, cooperation and consensus-to arranged marriage. 

Women who married their own choice of partner regardless of generation tended to share the common experience of meeting their future husbands in an environment that allowed for the co-mingling of genders such as in schools or boarding houses with minimum direct parental supervision. This is unlike the ideal situation in a traditional setting of gender segregation. Another factor that could give way to a departure from parentally-arranged marriage (and towards individual choice) as well a tendency to be nonconformist was a family background characterized by parents’ or relatives’ divorce or marital conflict. 

The nonconformists included women regardless of age, who refused to marry men who were their parents’ or elders’ choice or simply did not have a choice of their own for a marital partner. They also tended to have at least college level education and have economic means of their own. Non-conformity or deviance in this study, particularly among women past the marrying age or reproductive age are viewed against the institutional norm of marriage and family; marriage being a trajectory which individuals are supposed to take in most societies regardless of culture and time. 

Married women tended to have many children. The limiting effects of education on fertility as observed in both developed and some developing countries tended to be outweighed by kinship, cultural, political and religious values. Within the household, husbands pitched help while wives engaged in income-earning activities, or wives were allowed to pursue professions; notwithstanding the cultural and religious norm of gender complementarity. 

While the marriage patterns of polygamy and divorce remain unchanging, women tended to show similar negative reactions across generations. In later years, women with pegawidan social rank who held royal titles such as Bai-a-labi tended to devote more time to serve their communities. These titles confer on them and their family status and esteem. College Education further boosts the standing of a Bai-a-labi even among traditional and religious leaders. As widows and with the support of their family, they may continue to hold the title; in fact, for some women, for a lifetime.

JOURNEY OF A MASTER THERAPIST: NARRATIVES OF SELECTED FILIPINO MASTER PSYCHOTHERAPISTS

2012-08-01T08:25:55Z

Rcbaluyot:

MARISSA L. CADAO 
PH.D. PSYCHOLOGY (OCTOBER 2011) 
Department of Psychology 

'''Abstract''' 
This phenomenological study was conducted to understand the professional life journey of seven Filipino master psychotherapists who came out from a survey conducted among 64 fellow professionals. Digitally-recorded qualitative interviews were conducted to gather data in the study. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed in the analysis of data. Findings revealed the surrounding conditions and the journeying path that the participating experts passed through in the process of becoming a master therapist. A master therapist is defined in bifurcated aspects: in terms of one’s achievements and in terms of five categories of characteristics: Cognitive, Psycho-emotional, Psycho-social, and Psycho-spiritual and Nationalistic attributes. It was concluded that there is a nature-nurture interaction behind the making of a master therapist and that the journey to becoming a master therapist is a long and not a straightforward process. It was recommended that the proposed model of The Journeying Path of a Master Therapist and the bifurcated terms in the definition of a master therapist be subjected to further quantitative analysis. Professionalization, promotion and indigenization of psychotherapy practice in the Philippines were also recommended.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:Psychology Dept Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis|S]]

THE SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN THEIR EXPERIENCE OF DISCIPLESHIP

2012-08-01T08:25:05Z

Rcbaluyot:

DIANA GENEVIVE A. HERHER 
M.A. PSYCHOLOGY (JUNE 2012) 
Department of Psychology 
 

'''Abstract''' 
This paper explores the spiritual development of adolescents in their experience of discipleship. Adolescents' understanding of sprituality and how they experience this in the discipleship process, as well as the factors that facilitate and impede their spiritual development in the process were looked into using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Six teenagers, all undergoing discipleship, were interviewed for the study. Using thematic analysis, the adolescents' understanding of their spirituality centered around four superordinate themes: exoteric practices, transcendence, relationship, and sense of purpose, while their discipleship experience emerged themes on nurturance, evangelistic orientation and morality checks. Factors that facilitate spiritual development are nurturance, exoteric religiosity, and transcendental experiences, while those that impede are life challenges, discouragement, negative feelings, and environmental influences. The adolescents generally have positive expectations in the process. A proposed conceptual model of spiritual development in discipleship is discussed at the end. 
Keywords: spiritual development, adolescent spirituality, discipleship

[[Category:Theses|S]][[Category:CSSP Thesis|S]][[Category:2012 Thesis|S]][[Category:Psychology Dept Thesis|S]]

NARRATIVES OF SUFFERING, HEALING AND CARING: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF WOMEN VICTIM-SURVIVORS OF MASS RAPE DURING WORLD WAR II IN THE PHILIPPINES

2012-08-01T08:18:31Z

Rcbaluyot:

GINA ROSE L. CHAN 
MA ANTHROPOLOGY (OCTOBER 2010) 
Department of Anthropology 

'''Abstract''' 

This anthropological study focuses on a group of Lolas or grandmothers in the community of Brgy. Mapanique, Municipality of Candaba, Pampanga who had a uniquely horrible experience during the World War II as victims of violence and abuse when Japanese soldiers raided the village on November 23, 1944.
The general objective of the study is to describe and analyze the different strategies used by the World War II victims/survivors of mass rape in Pampanga to cope and confront trauma brought about by such experience. The specific objectives are: 1. to describe the sufferings of the Lolas of Brgy. Mapanique as victim-survivors of mass rape; 2. to identify strategies they used in dealing with the sufferings they experienced; and, 3. to analyze from a feminist anthropological
perspective, how the Lola’s resilience and their strategies of coping have enabled them to deal with their personal, social and economic conditions after the War.
To achieve the objectives, I conducted life stories interview, participant observation and focus group discussion with 47 women survivors. A certain period of time was spent living in the community, staying with the Lolas, and observing and participating in their activities. The narratives in this study were drawn from the victim-survivors’ own voices.
The result of the study showed that the women victim-survivors of rape during WWII experienced sufferings from the violence and abuse that they went through. The sufferings did not end after the war but continued long after the war has ended. However, they also experienced the processes of healing and caring that is continuing through time.
It is also important to note that the Lolas of Mapanique also assert their sense of agency as women as they experience suffering, healing and caring. Their sense of agency is exercised through various forms of resistance or strategies they deemed appropriate for the situations. These are achieved within the socio-cultural context as the victim-survivors of violence and abuse are also members of a community.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Anthropology Dept Thesis]]

MUNICIPAL HEALTH DECISION-MAKING: A NEW INSTITUTIONALIST ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF BOHOL

2012-08-01T08:17:46Z

Rcbaluyot:

NELSON G. CAINGHOG 
MA POLITICAL SCIENCE (APRIL 2009) 
Department of Political Science 

'''Abstract''' 

Municipalities in the province of Bohol were observed to have different performance in health policy implementation, especially in the adoption of the Sentrong Sigla standards of the Department of Health and the delivery of primary health services. Several municipalities adopted at the soonest opportunity the SS standards. Some did a notch higher by aiming at establishing a primary hospital. The study aims to account for the main factors contributing to these differences in performance. To account for these, an event history analysis of SS certification using the variables number of veto players coded in terms of party affiliation, the amount of health expenditures, and the occurrence of an election year was done. A comparative analysis of two cases-successful and an attempt-complements the above quantitative analysis. The comparison uses an analytic narrative supplemented by Hilderbrand and Grindle’s framework of government capacity with modifications. This investigation is guided by assumptions and propositions of new institutionalism, particularly historical and rational choice institutionalisms.
The quantitative findings show that the number of veto players did not significantly matter contrary to expectation. The amount of heath expenditure per se also did not matter. But together, the two variables mattered significantly. The number of veto players complements the amount of health expenditure in accounting for the timing of SS certification. Also, the occurrence of an election year did not make any significant effect. One unexpected result of the event history analysis was that two-veto player configurations are more likely to have SS certification compared to one-veto player configurations. In the qualitative aspect, there were two unexpected findings that were not anticipated by the framework of the study: the critical juncture that facilitated the creation of an infirmary in San Miguel and the tacit veto of the municipal doctor in Mabini that contributed to the non-participation of the municipality in the SS certification program. Over-all, the study provided proof, at least partially, to the insignificance of party affiliation (the basis in counting the number of veto players) in health decision-making at the local level. It also opened possible avenues for applying historical institutionalism in the analysis of successful cases. Finally, it also broke stereotypes of health officers as promoters of health programs and opened a possible area of inquiry related to the veto power of expert bureaucrats like the local public doctor. This can pave the way for a reformulation of veto players’ theory at the local level.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Political Science Dept Thesis]]

MUNICIPAL FRANCHISES ON REST, LEISURE AND RECREATION: THE INTENDENCIA AND ITS CONTROL OVER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IN MANILA, 1819-1895

2012-08-01T08:15:44Z

Rcbaluyot:

ALMA N. BAMERO 
PHD HISTORY (2011) 
Department of History 

'''Abstract''' 
The research is a venture into the writing of social history. It deals with the implementation of leisure policies by the Spanish colonial government, specifically under the supervision of the Intendencia General de Hacienda Publica. The research looks into commodities such as betel nut-chewing, wine drinking (tuba), opium smoking, and facilities for betting by way of horseraces, cockfights, gambling and the lottery. Control of the Intendencia was facilitated through franchising. This strengthened the partnership between the colonial power and the local elites who were able to afford the license fees. There were commodities that were difficult to manage since these played a larger social significance among Filipinos before the onset of colonialism. Examples were betel nu and wine which were freely used. Horseracing was a new form of leisure introduced in the 19th century. Opium was limited to the use of Chinese migrants. Lottery was a state franchise coursed through local governments. There were nuances in the way policies were implemented. There were also adverse consequences such as contraband trade and social unrest. Though seemingly creating some sense of balance within the limitations of colonialism, the government really prioritized revenue acquisition.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:History Dept Thesis]]

LIVES ON HOLD: SONS OF MIGRANT PARENTS

2012-08-01T08:14:55Z

Rcbaluyot:

ARNOLD P. ALAMON 
MA SOCIOLOGY (NOVEMBER 2008) 
Department of Sociology 

'''Abstract''' 

The study “Lives on Hold: Sons of Migrant Parents” documents the stories of six adult males left behind by migrant parents as children and probes the implications of long-term parental absence due to labor migration on their family life. At a time when a significant number of Filipinos resort to labor migration as a response to the continuing underdevelopment at home, the study also contemplates on the situation of the transnational Filipino migrant family drawing from the shared life-stories and reconstructed memories of the six.
It is the assertion of this research that the transnational Filipino migrant family is experiencing intense strain as the viability of traditional notions of familial love is challenged by long-term parental absence due to labor migration. The stories of these sons of migrant parents tell of the unspoken pain of unmet familial expectations that results in family lives that are placed on hold as they await for the family reunion that may never take place.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2008 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Sociology Dept Thesis]]

LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTERS: THE PROVIDENT VILLAGES STORY

2012-08-01T08:13:34Z

Rcbaluyot:

JOY NOELLE T. YUMUL 
MA PSYCHOLOGY (OCTOBER 2011) 
Department of Psychology 

'''Abstract''' 

Natural hazards occur all over the world, may these be geologic, climatic or hydrologic. These works of nature happen inevitably and theoretically, harmlessly. The Philippines, due to its location and other characteristics, had its share of hazards over the years. For instance, an average of 20 tropical cyclones affect the country annually. Provident Villages, which is one of the oldest subdivisions in Marikina City, is the chosen area for this study. It is located on a floodplain beside Marikina River which makes it prone to flooding. The main purpose of this study is to look into how the respondents’ knowledge, emotions and perceptions of previous floods influenced their way of responding to floods, specifically the one brought by Tropical Storm Ondoy on September 26, 2009. Moreover, it looked into how satisfied the respondents were with the way they responded to the Ondoy flood and what factors contributed to their satisfaction or lack thereof. In the process, the study referred to the experiences of the respondents with pre- and post-Ondoy floods. The results presented in this study were gathered through interviews and visits to Provident Villages. The findings revealed that the respondents could identify three major floods in the village prior to the Ondoy flood (i.e. 1978, 1988, 1998/1999). The floods in the past were considered manageable compared to the Ondoy flood. Moreover, the results showed that most of the respondents did not prepare for future eventualities prior to the Ondoy flood. However, after the Ondoy flood, all of them reported carrying out some kind of preparation for future floods. Furthermore, the respondents claimed that when Typhoon Juan (October 16-20, 2010) and Typhoon Chedeng (May 23-29, 2011) affected the country, they were already prepared.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Psychology Dept Thesis]]

LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND WORKING LIFE TABLE OF BHUTAN

2012-08-01T08:13:01Z

Rcbaluyot:

TASHI DORJI 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (APRIL 2011) 
Population Institute 

'''Abstract''' 

The paper attempts to analyze three interrelated topics: (1) labour force participation, (2) youth unemployment, and (3) working life tables in Bhutan using the 2005 population and housing census of Bhutan. In the first topic, the objective is to examine patterns, differentials and determinants of labour force participation rate. Latter examining the effect of selected demographic and socio-economic variables on the labour force. The study of the youth unemployment as the second topic focuses on identifying the demographic and socioeconomic differentials of unemployed youth. The third topic requires the estimation of average economically active and inactive life from age 15 to 65and over. I also quantified the withdrawal from labour force as result of death and causes other than death. 
Labour forces participation rate is generally higher amongst males, adults and currently married compared to their female, young, and single counterparts. Moreover, those residing in the rural areas. Who are university graduates and those living in the central region have higher labour force participation rate as well as proportion in the labour force than their counterparts, i.e., urban residents, with education lower than university level and those in western and eastern regions. 
Sex, age, marital status, education, place of residence and region emerged as significant predictors of being in the labour force holding constant all the confounding effects of the other variables. Demographic variables have greater net influence of being in the labour force compared to the socio-economic variables.
The study found that unemployment problem is mainly concentrated among youth and essentially a youth issue. The higher the risk of unemployment is observed among female youth compared to male youth, single than currently married youth. The youth residing in urban areas, with university education, who are located in the western region of the country are more prone to unemployment compared to their rural, lower educated and central and eastern residents’ counterparts.
Using working life table approach to estimate the expected working and inactive life of the Bhutanese, the paper found that a Bhutanese male who survives to age 15 is expected to live 48.6 years on the average, out of which 45.2 years are expected to be spent in active status (working) and remaining 3.5 years in inactive status. Corresponding values for female are 49.7 years, 46.7 years, and 3.1 years, respectively. In general, females have higher economically active life than males. There is no difference in economically active life compared to urban females. Conversely, this means that urban females display a greater proportion of economically active life. Constructed working life tables by region and sex reveal slight difference in terms of economically active and inactive lives. The central region depicts slightly higher economically active life for both sexes compared to the eastern and western regions. 
In terms of quantifying the attrition in the labour force due to death and other causes, findings show a total of 2492 males which left labour force in 2005. Of these 1815 (72.9%) left on the account of death and 676 (27.1%) due to causes other than death such as retirement, migration etc. The corresponding figures for females are 1308, 958 (73.2%) and 350 (26.8%) respectively. The exit from the labour force by place of residence reveals that 63.6 percent urban males and 75.2 percent rural males left on the account of deaths. For females, most of the withdrawal from the labour force occurred as result of causes other than death regardless of place of residence. Particularly, 61.2 percent urban female and 71.8 percent rural females left labour force on the account of causes other than death. In contrast, majority of males in western region (65.8%) left on the account of causes other than death. For females, majority of females in western (69.6%) and eastern (74.8%) regions exit labour force on the account of deaths while majority of females in central (73.3%) region left on the causes other than death. Generally it is observed that the main causes of withdrawal from the labour force for both sexes were due to death. 
The significant toll that mortality inflicts on the labour force suggests the importance of examining the causes of death. The study indicates that the non-communicable (49.2%) diseases were the leading cause of deaths for working population followed by other diseases (31.2%) and accidents related deaths (15.3%). This leading cause of death for working population persists in the urban and rural areas and the three main regions of the country.
The above findings provide insights into the type of policies and programs and the kind of future research focused on labour force dynamics in Bhutan.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

INFANT AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN BHUTTAN A LIFE TABLE ANALYSIS

2012-08-01T08:11:28Z

Rcbaluyot:

TASHI DORJEE 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (MAY 2010) 
Population Institute 

'''Abstract''' 

Using the 2000 National Health Survey of Bhutan, this study examined the pattern, levels, trends of and differentials in infant and child survival by selected demographic, socioeconomic, and proximate background characteristics. It primarily used the life table technique; however, it also estimated conventional measures of infant mortality rate, child mortality rate and under-five mortality rate. It worked on a created child file from women’s birth histories. It has shown that infant and child mortality has been rapidly declining over time. Infant mortality rate has gone down from 87 during the period 1985-1989 to 66 infant deaths per 1000 live births during the 1995-2000 periods. Child mortality rate has also gone down from 52 to 17 child deaths per 1000 children during the same period. Under-five mortality rate has fallen from 130 to 80 infant and child deaths per 1000 live births during the same period.

In terms of differentials, the study has shown that there is higher male mortality both at infancy as well as at the older ages in childhood. Urban infant and child mortality is higher than that of the rural. The East region exhibited much higher infant and child mortality than the West or Central. The higher the mother’s education, the lower is the chances of dying of births and children, Working mothers have lower infant and child mortality than their non-working counterparts. Infant and child mortality is higher among those whose mothers are at high risk maternal ages (ages less than 19 years and above 35 years) than those whose are in the prime reproductive age group (20-35years old). Children born after a short period of birth interval was observed to be experiencing higher mortality than those born after long birth interval. Birth order and infant and child survival were not significantly associated when birth order was taken alone. However, further examining closely the birth order differentials controlling for sex and one given socioeconomic variable, fourth or higher order births are more likely to be associated with female infant and child mortality than first or lower order births.

Among the variables indicating mothers’ health, the institutional delivery with the professional birth attendant has an advantage over the home delivery that was mostly attended by unskilled traditional birth attendants.

However, access to safe drinking water is only significantly related to infant and child mortality among female births to mothers with no education and who were unemployed while access and use of toilet facilities is also only significantly associated with infant and child mortality only among females in the rural areas whose mothers had no formal schooling and had 1-5 years formal schooling and unemployed as well as among males whose mothers with 1-5 years of formal schooling.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

IN THE PURSUIT OF SERVICE THE MISSIONARY EFFORTS OF THE CONGREGATIO IMMACULATI CORDIS MARIAE (CICM) IN THE PROVINCE OF NUEVA VIZCAYA 1989-2000

2012-08-01T08:10:46Z

Rcbaluyot:

FE YOLANDA DEL ROSARIO 
Doctor of Philosophy in Philippine Studies (March 2010)

'''Abstract''' 

The study was an attempt towards documenting the missionary efforts of a group of priests known as the Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae (CICM) in the area of Nueva Vizcaya from 1898 until 2000. It was geared towards making known the changes brought about by the Belgian priests into Novo Vizcayano society and the imprint they had in the lives of their converts across the years. It also described the nature of the relationship established between the two and how this in turn affected the course and direction of missionary work.

The study relied on archival work and required thus, the utilization of primary documents in the form of reports, journals, and correspondences maintained by the CICM priests and which are at their repository at 60 Gilmore St., New Manila. It also involved the retrieval of information from canonical books in order to see trends in conversion. Crucial to the study were also government records particularly in those areas where there might have been some collaborative work between the parish and the government. Photos, missalets, prayer books were also important sources of information. To fill in the gaps of historical reconstruction the researcher utilized the methods of oral history in particular extracting eye-witness accounts. These involved retrospective interviews with people who have been involved in the missionary activity and who had been directly affected by missionary work.
In the sense, the study yielded valuable information particularly in those areas where the missionaries were strong at and which bear the imprint of their influence, specifically in clergy formation and animation, lay formation, youth development, educational apostolate, and in the advocacy of social action concerns.

The study undertook to present a lay man’s perspective of CICM history in Nueva Vizcaya and an outsider’s view of the same. The subject matter and its approach veer the study away from traditional classical scholarship. By critical use of sources, the research hoped to address the dearth in the literature of local history in Nueva Vizcaya as well as to fill in the gaps in the CICM historiography.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Philippine Studies Thesis]]

FOREST COVER CHANGES AND THE SHIFT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT IN AURORA PROVINCE

2012-08-01T08:09:28Z

Rcbaluyot:

TRINA G. ISORENA 
MS GEOGRAPHY (DECEMBER 2008) 
Department of Geography 

'''Abstract''' 

Commercial logging through the Timber License Agreement (TLA) was the primary system implemented by the Philippines to manage its forest resources from1950s up to early 1990s. This period was associated with high rates of deforestation and increasing number of environmental disasters experienced by Filipinos. In the following years, pressure from the different sectors of the Philippine society pushed the government to shift the paradigm of forest management policies in the country. The changes instituted focused on expanding collaborative management of forest and forestlands resources by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources with indigenous peoples, forest resource dependent communities, local government and private groups. Most significant among the changes was the institution of new forms of resource tenure which transformed the once Timber License Agreement (TLA)-dominated forestlands of Aurora Province. Primary beneficiaries of these changes are the communities who were given tenure on the public lands.
This study examines the impacts of the changes in tenure-related forest management approach in the Philippines on the forest environment and resource access among communities in Aurora. It analyzes these changes within the context of the amendments in forest management policies. The study illustrates the impact on the environment by looking at forest cover as an indicator of change. Through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS), the forest cover maps from 1981, 1989 and 2003 were analyzed comparing extent of forest cover in Aurora and deriving the rates, patterns and types of processes of forest cover changes in the province. It was then related to the type of tenure existing in the area. The experiences of communities living in the forestlands are documented and analyzed to study how policies that assert to ensure their tenure security and resource access have actually helped them.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2008 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Geography Department Thesis]]

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RURAL OUT-MIGRATION A HOUSEHOLD LEVEL STUDY IN KANGLUNG GEWOG TRASHIGANG BHUTAN

2012-08-01T08:08:30Z

Rcbaluyot:

JAMYANG CHODA 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (MAY 2011) 
Population Institute

'''Abstract''' 

Internal migration in Bhutan is increasing rapidly and today it accounts for the highest internal migration rate in South Asia. The 2005 Population and Housing of Bhutan revealed that the Trashigang district located eastern part of Bhutan has the highest number of out-migrants. Trashigang district has 15 gewogs and among those, Kanglung gewog accounted for the highest number of out-migrants. This study examines the household level factors of rural-out migration from Kanglung gewog. Primary data was collected from the 215 households in Kanglung during the month of May 2010. The 215 households are divided into two categories, namely households with recent out-migrants and households without recent out-migrants. Three household factors (demographic, socio-economic and social network variables) are used as explanatory variables in this study.

The study found that a higher proportion of households in the higher socio-economic status or richer households have higher proportions with recent out-migrants compared to households with medium or poor socio-economic status. Similarly, a higher proportion with recent out-migrants compared to households that do not have relatives in urban areas. Households with recent out-migrants have a larger number of male and female members in ages 15-59 compared to households without recent out-migrants.
The parsimonious logistic regression model predicting the odds of a household having recent out-migrants shows that a household in poor socio-economic status is less likely to be a recent out-migrant household compared to a household in higher socio-economic status (rich) controlling for other variables and demographic factors. A household that has higher number of male and female household members age 15-59 is more likely to be a recent out-migrant household compared to a household that has a fewer number of male and female household members age 15-59 controlling for other variables in the model. Lastly, a household that has relatives in urban areas is more likely to be a recent out-migrant household compared to a household with no relatives in urban areas controlling for other variables in the model. The variables that did not come out significant in the logistic regression are landholding of the household, literacy of the household head and sex of the household head.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

EXPLORING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF LIFE SATISFACTION OF THE ELDERLY

2012-08-01T08:07:03Z

Rcbaluyot:

AIDA MARIA H. PEREZ 
PHD PSYCHOLOGY (APRIL 2010) 
Department of Psychology

'''Abstract''' 

Life Satisfaction among the elderly has been found to be closely related to their health and longevity. Living a happy life can be an antidote to disorders in old age such as dementia and depression.

The present study attempts to explore the psychological aspects of life satisfaction of the elderly. By using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study aims to explore the concept of life satisfaction that may be unique to a particular age group and to the Filipino culture, surface the psychological dimensions attached to their concept of life satisfaction and survey the current levels of their life satisfaction based on these psychological domains.

A total of 210 male and female elderly from three separate samples participated in the study. An in-depth interview was conducted among forty-one (41) participants aged 62 to 76 (mean age = 69.9) from both the urban and rural areas. Data from a recorded interview were transcribed and coded based on the psychological attributes that relate to life satisfaction. The dimensions culled out from the data had positive inter-judge reliability.

Results show that their concept of life satisfaction is linked to a sense of personal fulfillment and contentment which are considered offshoots of their life accomplishments, a happy family life and a personal relationship with God. Twelve psychological dimensions of life satisfaction surfaced from the interview data such as freedom from worry, control over one’s life, contentment, appreciation of good health, sense of fulfillment, peace, emotional security, social support, self-worth, positive attitude, family solidarity and spirituality. These psychological domains were further grouped into 4 clusters based on their related meanings, namely, Kapanatagan ng kalooban (calmness and tranquility), consisting of sense of fulfillment, contentment, freedom from worry, sense of peace, appreciation of good health; Kakayanan sa sarili (self-agency) which includes self-worth and control over one’s life; Kaayusan ng pamilya at ng pakikipagkapwa (wholesome family and social relationships) consisting of family solidarity, social support and emotional security and lastly, Kaugnayan sa Diyos (relationship with God) which covers spirituality.

To further explore these dimensions a survey was conducted and an instrument was constructed and validated to gauge overall life satisfaction. The twelve domains were trimmed down to nine (9) after combining the related concepts. The final set of domains was used to construct a 36-item rating scale labeled the Satisfaction of Life Scale for the Elderly (SLSE) using a 5-point Likert Scale. Content and concurrent validation procedures were conducted to check the validity and reliability of the scale (Cronbach alpha = 0.889). Using convenience sampling with a separate sample of 86 elderly from Metro Manila the SLSE together with another validated instrument called Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were both administered to senior citizens from three barangays and churches in Metro Manila. Using Pearson r correlation, domain-SLSE scores as well as item-total correlation and SLSE and SWLS scores were obtained. All the correlations turned out to be highly significant ( r= 0.475 at alpha = < 0.01), thus, establishing the validity and reliability of the constructed scale.

Using MANOVA, results of the survey came out with the following findings: (1) No significant main effects were found on the overall life satisfaction level, rather the interaction effects of the variables (age and gender, gender and location) yielded significant effects on the domain of spirituality and overall satisfaction. (2) Females reported higher spiritual satisfaction than the males, (3) Urban residents likewise expressed greater spiritual satisfaction than the rural elderly, (4) Gender and age group showed interaction effect on Freedom from Worry domain and overall life satisfaction. The male old-old (aged 76 to 85) reported the highest freedom from worry across the four groups while the female old-old (aged 76 to 85) registered the least freedom from worry. In terms of overall satisfaction, the male old-old showed the highest rating while the male young-old registered the lowest satisfaction among the sample.

Implications of the findings relate to the social roles played by male and female elderly in their families Males who pin down their sense of worth on accomplishment seem to feel more satisfied in their old-old stage while the female on the same developmental stage are still engaged in the domestic affairs of their family.
This present study offers two major contributions to the literature of life satisfaction of the elderly. One is the contextualization of the meaning of life satisfaction within the Filipino culture and an instrument that was constructed and validated to measure their life satisfaction.

Further research may be done to explore anchors of life satisfaction to determine variances across developmental age groups. The quality of spirituality of the Filipino elderly may be elucidated further through research since it emerged as the salient feature among the dimensions of life satisfaction.

In terms of application of findings, the evaluation of programs designed by service providers for the elderly well-being may strengthen programs that will address the spiritual needs of the elderly,

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Psychology Department Thesis]]

ETHICAL PREDICAMENTS AND MORAL REASONING OF POST-GRADUATE INTERNS

2012-08-01T08:05:42Z

Rcbaluyot:

MILAGROS F. NERI 
MS BIOETHICS (APRIL 14, 2009) 
Department of Philosophy 

'''Abstract''' 

Several studies have shown that the improvement in moral reasoning and moral development expected for the age and educational level of medical students are not occurring over the four years of undergraduate medical education. These findings have been partly attributed to the existence of a “hidden curriculum” which consists of informal processes at the level of organizational structure and culture. 

A more problematic situation involves the post-graduate interns who are no longer under the control of medical schools and whose supervision is entirely dependent on the residents and consultants of their hospital affiliation. 

This study, therefore, has the following objectives: 1) to describe the ethical predicaments of post-graduate interns deployed in different hospitals; 2) to explore how PGIs are affected by the ethical predicaments; 3) to determine the nature of the moral reasoning involved with each decision; and 4) to compare the moral reasoning stage of post-graduate interns in different hospital settings. 

The study operates on the premise that the different hospital affiliations of PGIs have their own distinctive culture which may expose the PGIs to different ethical predicaments. Moral development stage of PGIs differs as a function of their hospital affiliation, gender, age and status of internship. 

A postpositivist approach most closely parallels the epistemology of this research. A qualitative case study design was used with two FGDs and 4 group interviews in order to explore the world of the PGIs, their predicaments, affect and moral reasoning. A survey was subsequently conducted to determine the moral development stage of PGIs. The questionnaire which was based on the Defining Issues Test by Rest consists of case scenarios that were developed from the results of the FGDs. 

Content analysis of the text was used to identify emerging and repeated themes. Common issues of PGIs involve conflict with residents and consultants as well as conflict in patient care. Conflict with nurses and laboratory staff was unique in the academic training hospital. Decision-making as to what course of action to take hinges on social consensus and care for patient.
There were a total of 144 PGIs in the survey: 97 regular and 40 midyears, 101 females and 36 males with a mean age of 26. Seven respondents failed to indicate their sex and status of internship. There were 54 PGIs from academic training hospital, 38 from private, and 52 from government hospitals in Metro Manila. The overall moral development of PGIs is in the conventional stage oriented towards conformity with socially-agreed upon rules. There is no statistical difference as to age, gender, and hospital affiliation. It is only the status of internship in some cases (Cases 2, 3, 4) that were found to be statistically significant. 

Given the above results, it seems that the fundamental moral motivation of PGIs is the preservation of relationship including that with the patient manifested by caring attitude. Therefore, both justice and care orientation is operable in the case of the PGIs in the study.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:2009 Thesis]][[Category:Bioethics Thesis]]

ENVIRONMENTAL THOUGHTS OF FILIPINO CHILDREN

2012-08-01T08:03:53Z

Rcbaluyot:

DAISY MAY Q. SANTOS 
MA PSYCHOLOGY (JULY 2010) 
Department of Psychology

'''Abstract''' 

This qualitative study explored the components and processes involved in the environmental though of Filipino children. It looked into the possible influences of a child’s stage in the lifespan (middle and late childhood), gender (male or female) and location (rural or urban) and the possible role of nature experiences in the formation and content of environmental thought. The environmental components of thought that surfaced ware: identification and classification of plants and animals, knowledge of geographical forms, knowledge of environmental phenomena, knowledge of environmental issues and problems, feelings and attitudes towards the environment and spiritual aspect of the environment. A total of 80 children participated in the study with parent’s and children’s consent. An equal representation of gender, stage in lifespan and location was employed. It was observed that children in the late childhood had more environmental knowledge that those in the middle childhood. The male children were also found to be more physical in the environmental explorations that their female counterpart. Also, the rural-based school children appeared to have the empirical database for environmental knowledge and experience more that the urban children who had more mediated and vicarious environmental experiences. In sum, thus study came up with the conclusion that gender, lifespan stage and location can influence the environmental though of Filipino children.

Keywords: environment, children, education, rural, urban, stage in lifespan, gender

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Psychology Department Thesis]]

EASTERN VISAYAS CHILD SCHOOL AND LABOR PARTICIPATION TREND PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS

2012-08-01T08:02:58Z

Rcbaluyot:

JOSE ELMER E. LAVADO 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (APRIL 2011) 
Population Institute

'''Abstract''' 
Eastern Visayas’ low school participation rate of children ( 78 percent in elementary and 60 percent in secondary for SY 2006-2007) suggests that the region will be far behind in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of universal basic education for all by 2015. With four years left before 2015, attaining this goal for Eastern Visayas would entail concerted efforts from government and other sectors. Characterization of children who are not attending school is important to find ways to bring them back to classrooms. On the other hand, children who drop out from school in order to work must also be investigated because not only are they are not in school but they are also considered “child labor”. This thesis hopes to provide policy handles to address these two- pronged issues.
The study used the data of Labor Force Surveys (LFS) from April 2005 up to April 2009 to examine the level, trend, patterns, and differentiate of school participation in Eastern Visayas and the merged data of the 2007 LFS and the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to identify determinants of out-of-school children and their labor participation.

Results reveal that Eastern Visayas has a considerably lower school participation rate of children compared to the national average, but the trend from January 2006 to January 2009 shows a consistent increase. The saw-tooth pattern of quarterly school participation rate of children in Eastern Visayas since 2005 is evident.

The multivariate logistic regression model predicting the odds of out-of-school children in Eastern Visayas are significantly influenced by three household characteristics (number of children 0-14 years old, number of employed household members 15-59 years old and household education cost),two household head characteristics (education and kind of business industry) and two child characteristics (age and sex). The sex of a child significantly interacted with the household head’s kind of business industry. Male out of school children who belong to households whose head works in agriculture industry have two times the odds of working compared to female children whose household head works in a non-agriculture industry.
Among out-of-school children, their labor participation is influenced by two important predictors (household number of employed members aged 15-59 years old, and age of child) net of the effect of other predictors in the optimal model.
The above main findings imply that Eastern Visayas’ children school participation rate may be improved by giving priority in government programs like Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) to young male children particularly in households with large number of children below 15 years of age and have low education investment, and whose households head has low education and works in agricultural industry. Moreover, advocacy efforts for employed parents and household members on long-term developmental effects of using labor should be pursued.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

EASTERN VISAYAS CHILD SCHOOL AND LABOR PARTICIPATION TREND PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS

2012-08-01T08:01:58Z

Rcbaluyot:

JOSE ELMER E. LAVADO 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (APRIL 2011) 
Population Institute

'''Abstract''' 
Eastern Visayas’ low school participation rate of children ( 78 percent in elementary and 60 percent in secondary for SY 2006-2007) suggests that the region will be far behind in achieving the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of universal basic education for all by 2015. With four years left before 2015, attaining this goal for Eastern Visayas would entail concerted efforts from government and other sectors. Characterization of children who are not attending school is important to find ways to bring them back to classrooms. On the other hand, children who drop out from school in order to work must also be investigated because not only are they are not in school but they are also considered “child labor”. This thesis hopes to provide policy handles to address these two- pronged issues.
The study used the data of Labor Force Surveys (LFS) from April 2005 up to April 2009 to examine the level, trend, patterns, and differentiate of school participation in Eastern Visayas and the merged data of the 2007 LFS and the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to identify determinants of out-of-school children and their labor participation.

Results reveal that Eastern Visayas has a considerably lower school participation rate of children compared to the national average, but the trend from January 2006 to January 2009 shows a consistent increase. The saw-tooth pattern of quarterly school participation rate of children in Eastern Visayas since 2005 Is evident.

The multivariate logistic regression model predicting the odds of out-of-school children in Eastern Visayas are significantly influenced by three household characteristics (number of children 0-14 years old, number of employed household members 15-59 years old and household education cost),two household head characteristics (education and kind of business industry) and two child characteristics (age and sex). The sex of a child significantly interacted with the household head’s kind of business industry. Male out of school children who belong to households whose head works in agriculture industry have two times the odds of working compared to female children whose household head works in a non-agriculture industry.
Among out-of-school children, their labor participation is influenced by two important predictors (household number of employed members aged 15-59 years old, and age of child) net of the effect of other predictors in the optimal model.
The above main findings imply that Eastern Visayas’ children school participation rate may be improved by giving priority in government programs like Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) to young male children particularly in households with large number of children below 15 years of age and have low education investment, and whose households head has low education and works in agricultural industry. Moreover, advocacy efforts for employed parents and household members on long-term developmental effects of using labor should be pursued.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

DISABILITY PATTERNS IN BHUTAN

2012-08-01T03:03:58Z

Rcbaluyot:

BHOLANATH BHATTARAI 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (MAY 2010) 
Population Institute

'''Abstract''' 

Bhutan has actively embarked on a policy improving the lives of people with disability (PWD) by providing better services and facilities. However, information on people with disability was limited until Bhutan conducted its first ever Population and Housing Census in May 2005. No studies using this data on people with disability have been conducted so far. The study of people with disability is becoming an integral part of the study on community, society and country as a whole. Thus, this paper hopes to contribute essential knowledge and information on people with disability in Bhutan.

The Population and Housing Census of Bhutan defines disability as “a functional limitation in performing certain tasks/activities due to ongoing long term physical, mental and health condition” (UN,1998 as cited in PHCB, 2005). The data on disability is studied by type and timing across socio-demographic characteristics like education, employment and marital status. Univariate and bivariate analyses were employed in this study.

Findings from the study reveal that more males suffer from disability than females. Disability in Bhutan is a rural phenomenon. Its prevalence is noted at 3.4 per cent of the total population. Very few PWDs are literate or have formal education. Employment among people with disability acquired since birth is higher than those with disability acquired after birth. A higher proportion of people with disability acquired since birth have never married compared to those with disability acquired after birth.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

DASEIN AND NOWHERE MAN THE QUEST FOR AUTHENTIC EXISTENCE IN JOHN LENNON

2012-08-01T03:01:54Z

Rcbaluyot:

NICOLO M. MASAKAYAN 
MA PHILOSOPHY (SEPTEMBER 2009) 
Department of Philosophy 

'''Abstract''' 

The inauthentic side of Heidegger’s Dasein and the “Nowhere Man” character developed by John Lennon share interesting parallelisms. This study discussed how the concepts of authentic existence and critical examination of one’s being can be used as philosophical prisms that give meaningful insight into John Lennon’s sings. The use of these concepts reveal that there is a lot more “philosophicality” going on underneath John Lennon’s songs than is usually assumed. Lennon shows an aversion to Das Man culture that he perceives as an affront to one’s individuality and authentic existence. Through his sarcastic wit, he satirizes a society founded upon misguided notions of truth, values, and happiness. At the same time, Lennon promotes a program that exhibits not just Heideggerian, but Eastern undertones as well. After coming to grips with the philosophical depth found in Lennon’s socially critical songs, this thesis presented Lennon as a quintessential philosophical thinker, endlessly questioning beliefs and forever in a struggle to make sense of one’s existence.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2009 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Philosophy Department Thesis]]

CORRELATES OF PARENT-CHILD CONNECTEDNESS AND PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG CHILDREN RAISED BY BIOLOGICAL PARENTS

2012-08-01T03:00:38Z

Rcbaluyot:

CRISANTO L. GALAY JR. 
MA Demography (March 2010) 
Population Institute 

'''Abstract''' 
This thesis examines the areas where parent-child connectedness (PCC) has significant influence on premarital sexual behaviors (PMS) of young people ages 15 to 27 raised by both parents before they reach age 15 using 2002 Young Adult Fertility Sexuality Study (YAFS3) cross-sectional survey data (Sample size total=16, 429). PMS in this study is classified into no experience, kissing/petting and sexual intercourse. Parent child connectedness factors were derived from children’s rating of their parents. Limited PCC factors were extracted and constructed separately for father and mother from the data. Overall findings show that parents parenting can reduce the probability of adolescent children’s PMS engagements. Quality of fathering reduces the risk of PMS for both male and female children but quality of mothering has no significant effect. On the other hand, mother-child communication reduces the risk of PMS, more strongly for daughters than for sons while father-child communication reduces the risk of premarital sexual intercourse of male children only. Father-child attachment reduces the risk of premarital sexual intercourse for daughters while mother-child communication reduces the risk of premarital sexual intercourse for sons. This study shows ways by which parents can influence the sexual behaviors of their adolescent children especially in these times when parents’ availability in child care is being challenged by employment outside the home and the pressures from international labor migration which can result to possible impairment in parent-child connectedness.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

CONQUERING THE WORLD OF IMAGES THROUGH AWARENESS A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF JIDDU KRISHNAMURTI s NOTION OF AWARENESS

2012-08-01T02:59:03Z

Rcbaluyot:

GILBERT I. YAP 
MA PHILOSOPHY (MAY 2009) 
Department of Philosophy

'''Abstract''' 

The presence of an image is the root cause of every problem in this world-be it in the field of politics, religion, economy, and society. The reason why there are seriously prevailing problems is that individuals create images of themselves. Every individual has his own self-image. An entrepreneur has his own image, an artist has his own image, and a student has his own image. This image includes behaviour, preferences, aspirations as well as the other characteristics of an individual. That is why an individual may also have an image of being generous, stubborn, or courteous.

The main problem caused by images is deception. An image is considered to be a deception since it is not the truth or the actual state. And, when an individual is filled with deception, his whole individuality including this thoughts and actions will also be filled with deception. And, this makes an individual problematic. A problematic individual creates a problematic world.
An image is of the past and the future that is merely projected. When an individual creates images, he fails to live in the present state. Instead, he is living in the past and the projected future. And, this is undeniably complicated. It would be difficult for an individual to be in the present state while living in the past and the projected future.
How can an individual live in the present, that is, the actual state? How can an individual remove images? How can an individual address confusing problems?

Problems in this world begin with the individual as he engages with image-making. That is why the answer to these problems lies also in the individual. Using Krisnamurti’s philosophy, this thesis research defends that awareness addresses the problems caused by images. It is only through awareness that images occupying the individual mind can be removed. It is only awareness that an individual can see and live the present as it is. It is only through awareness that one can address day-to-day problems.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2009 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Philosophy Department Thesis]]

COHORT DIFFERENCES IN THE SEQUENCING OF MARRIAGE AND BIRTH AMONG WOMEN IN THE PHILIPPINES

2012-08-01T02:57:42Z

Rcbaluyot:

ZYRALIE A. LOTIVIO 
MA DEMOGRAPHY (APRIL 2010) 
Population Institute

'''Abstract''' 

This research argues that the sequencing of marriage and first birth among Filipino women is changing by comparing the timing of marriage and first birth of different cohorts. This study used the 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey. Through multinomial logit regression, this study found that although majority of women still follow the normative sequencing of marriage and birth, there is increasing deviation from the nom among younger cohorts, all other things being equal. This departure from the normative sequencing of marriage and birth can be traced from the social changes brought about by modernization during their respective periods of exposure to the risk of marriage and pregnancy. The increasing prevalence of short birth interval among the youngest cohorts suggests the emerging phenomenon of premarital conceptions. However, the hypothesis that those women who grew up in the urban area are more likely to deviate from the normative sequence than those who were raised in the rural area is not validated in this research. What emerged as important factors related to marriage and birth sequencing are education, type of work, and socioeconomic status.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Population Institute Thesis]][[Category:Demography Thesis]]

ABORTED STORIES: MATERNAL HEALTH CRISIS IN EDEN

2012-08-01T02:56:42Z

Rcbaluyot:

EFENITA MAY M. TAQUEBAN 
MA ANTHROPOLOGY (NOVEMBER 2010) 
Department of Anthropology 

'''Abstract''' 

This thesis develops the ides of “accommodation-resistance” among mothers who have had induced abortion in Eden, an urban poor community in Barangay Patron de Letre, Manila. It presents their abortion narratives as bases for the study. The narratives postulate that the mothers, in dire straits of poverty, decide and act within an “accommodation-resistance nexus,” a grey area where mothers negotiate with community and family expectations, institutional demands, and what they believe is best for their children and themselves; where their sense of entitlement is conditioned and reframed. There is interplay of influence, meanings, and practices that find creative interpretation in the mother’s notions of motherhood, abortion and the world. Here, the political economy framework finds analogous translation as the “political economy of emotions”1 in the exploration of the linkages of motherhood, pregnancy, and the material conditions of the mothers. It echoes the thesis that structures, extreme poverty, deprivation, and compounded structures of violence, are powerful shapers of maternal thinking and practice. The study presents the challenge to view the mother’s choices, whether seemingly complicit or resisting, as always choices of active agents.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Anthropology Dept Thesis]]

AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION RURAL URBANIZATION LAND CONVERSIONS AND FARMERS’ LIVELIHOOD IN LUCENA QUEZON A LOOK INTO THE DYING INDUSTRY OF COCONUT FARMING

2012-08-01T02:55:28Z

Rcbaluyot:

[[PRYOR ALDOUS A. PLACINO]] 
MS GEOGRAPHY (APRIL 2011) 
Department of Geography

'''Abstract''' 

The Philippine countryside has been and continues to be rapidly transformed as it is integrated to world market economies and interlinked with urban processes and activities by multi-scalar plans, policies and programs. Vast tracks of agricultural lands have been reclassified and converted to non-agricultural uses to support the country’s drive toward industrialization and urban development while programs on agricultural modernization and agrarian reform are currently ongoing. The intersection of all of these national development activities creates contrasting situations and outcomes to the spatial and socioeconomic dimensions of the agrarian landscape at the local level.

The research examines the interface between studies of the coconut industry and rural development under the analytical lens of political ecology. It looks into the socioeconomic, spatial and ecological dimensions of coconut farming in Lucena City, Quezon as detailed by the voices from the margins—farmers whose concerns and stakes are often left unheard. Popularly known as the ‘City of Coconuts’, Lucena had almost 4000 hectares of coconut lands in 1977, but only 632 hectares by 2009. The study seeks to understand the economic, social, political and ecological dimensions of conversions of coconut lands to residential subdivisions. The research examines the impacts of land conversions to the livelihood systems of coconut farmers in two of Lucena’s barangays.

The research illustrates how farming communities that earlier depended on planting coconuts have been subjected to market fluctuations in the coconut industry. They have also been challenged by various complications resulting from the problematic ecology of coconuts and the social and power relations embedded in the cultivation of coconut lands. The livelihood systems of farmers are now being threatened by the current trend of urban developments in the city. Farmers’ adaptive livelihood strategies are now put to further risks. Thus, varied collaborations and conflicts between and among agrarian and non-agrarian actors have evolved as Lucena City undergoes a rapid agrarian transformation.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2011 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Geography Department Thesis]]

ANG KASAYSAYAN NG MGA PAMBANSANG PRESO SA PILIPINAS 1946-2003

2012-08-01T02:53:50Z

Rcbaluyot:

FELIZARDO D. NIEFES 
MA KASAYSAYAN (MARSO 2009) 
Departamento ng Kasaysayan

'''Abstract''' 

Felizardo Dullavin Niefes. Ang Kasaysayan ng mga Pambansang Preso sa Pilipinas, 1946-2003. 320 pp.

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay hinggil sa Kasaysayan ng mga Pambansang Preso sa Pilipinas, 1946-2003. Maikling tinalakay ang kasaysayan ng Old Bilibid Prison at Correctional Institution for Women, gayundin ang mga penal colony katulad ng mga sumusunod: San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm at Leyte Regional Prison. Noong 1936 itinatag ang New Bilibid Prison sa Bayan ng Muntinlupa na may disenyong tinatawag ng self-enclosed with a wall, upang naisagawa ang mga programang nakakapagpabuti sa kalagayan ng mga bilanggo sa loob ng kulungan. Taong 1941 opisyal na inilipat ang mga bilanggo mula sa Old Bilibid Prison patungo sa bagong tatag na insular na bilangguan (NBP).

Noong WWII ginamit ng mga ‘Hapones ng NBP upang pagkulungan ng mga guerilya at mga bilanggong pulitikal. Pagkatapos ng WWII naging kulungan naman ang NBP ng mga kulaboreytor, at mga Heneral at sundalong Hapones. Subalit karamihan sa mga kulaboreytor ay dinala sa Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm sa Palawan.

Sa muling pamamahala ng mga Filipino sa bansa noong 1946 itinaguyod ng pamahalaan ang makataong pagtrato sa mga bilanggo. Ang NBP bilang insular na bilangguan at punong himpilan ng Bureau of Prisons/Corrections ang siyang nagpatupad ng unti-unting reporma sa mga pambansang bilangguan. Noong 1955 ang Pilipinas ay naging signatory sa United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, na maituturing na pagtaas ng antas sa pagbabago ng criminal justice system sa bansa. Mula 1955 hanggang 1971 ay unti-unting nagkaroon ng reporma sa criminal justice system sa bansa. Subalit sa panahon ng Martial Law noong 1972-1981, at hanggang sa pagpapatalsik kay Pangulong Marcos dahil sa 1986 Edsa People’s Power Revolution I, maraming Filipino ang inalisan ng karapatan at ikinulong, sa mga bilangguang Militar at Pambansang Bilangguan sa buong kapuluan. Sa panahong ito itinatag ang Camp Sampaguita sa NBP Reservation, na bukod sa punong himpilan ng 225th PC Company, ay naging kulungan din ng mga bilanggong pulitikal.
Sa pamamahala ni Pangulong Corazon Aquino, binuo ng 1987 Konstitusyon na nag-aalis ng parusang kamatayan at pagtatatag ng Komisyon ng Karapatang Pantao, na may tungkulin na pangalagaan ang karapatan ng mga naaapi at mga bilanggo sa mga kulungan. Ito ang turning point ng kasaysayan ng criminal justice sa Pilipinas. Subalit dahil sa mga karumal-dumal na krimen na nagaganap sa lipunan, muli na namang ibinalik ang parusang kamatayan sa bansa noong 1994, na kung saan pitong mga bilanggo ang nabitay sa pamamagitan ng lethal injection sa NBP. Lahat ng judicial executions na nabanggit ay naganap sa pamamahala ni Pangulong Estrada alinsunod sa kanyang anticrime drive na patakaran. Sa pamumuno ng Simbahang Katoliko laban sa parusang kamatayan, nagkaroon ng moratorium on judicial execution pagkatapos na bitayin si Alex Bartolome noong Enero 4, 2000 at hanggang sa kasalukuyan.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2009 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:History Department Thesis]]

ANG KASAYSAYAN NG MGA PAMBANSANG PRESO SA PILIPINAS 1946-2003

2012-08-01T02:53:07Z

Rcbaluyot:

ANG KASAYSAYAN NG MGA PAMBANSANG PRESO SA PILIPINAS 1946-2003

2012-08-01T02:51:19Z

Rcbaluyot:

FELIZARDO D. NIEFES 
MA KASAYSAYAN (MARSO 2009) 
Departamento ng Kasaysayan
'''
Abstract'''

Felizardo Dullavin Niefes. Ang Kasaysayan ng mga Pambansang Preso sa Pilipinas, 1946-2003. 320 pp.

Ang pag-aaral na ito ay hinggil sa Kasaysayan ng mga Pambansang Preso sa Pilipinas, 1946-2003. Maikling tinalakay ang kasaysayan ng Old Bilibid Prison at Correctional Institution for Women, gayundin ang mga penal colony katulad ng mga sumusunod: San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm at Leyte Regional Prison. Noong 1936 itinatag ang New Bilibid Prison sa Bayan ng Muntinlupa na may disenyong tinatawag ng self-enclosed with a wall, upang naisagawa ang mga programang nakakapagpabuti sa kalagayan ng mga bilanggo sa loob ng kulungan. Taong 1941 opisyal na inilipat ang mga bilanggo mula sa Old Bilibid Prison patungo sa bagong tatag na insular na bilangguan (NBP).

Noong WWII ginamit ng mga ‘Hapones ng NBP upang pagkulungan ng mga guerilya at mga bilanggong pulitikal. Pagkatapos ng WWII naging kulungan naman ang NBP ng mga kulaboreytor, at mga Heneral at sundalong Hapones. Subalit karamihan sa mga kulaboreytor ay dinala sa Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm sa Palawan.

Sa muling pamamahala ng mga Filipino sa bansa noong 1946 itinaguyod ng pamahalaan ang makataong pagtrato sa mga bilanggo. Ang NBP bilang insular na bilangguan at punong himpilan ng Bureau of Prisons/Corrections ang siyang nagpatupad ng unti-unting reporma sa mga pambansang bilangguan. Noong 1955 ang Pilipinas ay naging signatory sa United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, na maituturing na pagtaas ng antas sa pagbabago ng criminal justice system sa bansa. Mula 1955 hanggang 1971 ay unti-unting nagkaroon ng reporma sa criminal justice system sa bansa. Subalit sa panahon ng Martial Law noong 1972-1981, at hanggang sa pagpapatalsik kay Pangulong Marcos dahil sa 1986 Edsa People’s Power Revolution I, maraming Filipino ang inalisan ng karapatan at ikinulong, sa mga bilangguang Militar at Pambansang Bilangguan sa buong kapuluan. Sa panahong ito itinatag ang Camp Sampaguita sa NBP Reservation, na bukod sa punong himpilan ng 225th PC Company, ay naging kulungan din ng mga bilanggong pulitikal.
Sa pamamahala ni Pangulong Corazon Aquino, binuo ng 1987 Konstitusyon na nag-aalis ng parusang kamatayan at pagtatatag ng Komisyon ng Karapatang Pantao, na may tungkulin na pangalagaan ang karapatan ng mga naaapi at mga bilanggo sa mga kulungan. Ito ang turning point ng kasaysayan ng criminal justice sa Pilipinas. Subalit dahil sa mga karumal-dumal na krimen na nagaganap sa lipunan, muli na namang ibinalik ang parusang kamatayan sa bansa noong 1994, na kung saan pitong mga bilanggo ang nabitay sa pamamagitan ng lethal injection sa NBP. Lahat ng judicial executions na nabanggit ay naganap sa pamamahala ni Pangulong Estrada alinsunod sa kanyang anticrime drive na patakaran. Sa pamumuno ng Simbahang Katoliko laban sa parusang kamatayan, nagkaroon ng moratorium on judicial execution pagkatapos na bitayin si Alex Bartolome noong Enero 4, 2000 at hanggang sa kasalukuyan.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2009 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:History Department Thesis]]

NARRATIVES OF SUFFERING, HEALING AND CARING: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF WOMEN VICTIM-SURVIVORS OF MASS RAPE DURING WORLD WAR II IN THE PHILIPPINES

2012-07-31T08:49:52Z

Rcbaluyot:

GINA ROSE L. CHAN 
MA ANTHROPOLOGY (OCTOBER 2010) 
Department of Anthropology 

This anthropological study focuses on a group of Lolas or grandmothers in the community of Brgy. Mapanique, Municipality of Candaba, Pampanga who had a uniquely horrible experience during the World War II as victims of violence and abuse when Japanese soldiers raided the village on November 23, 1944.
The general objective of the study is to describe and analyze the different strategies used by the World War II victims/survivors of mass rape in Pampanga to cope and confront trauma brought about by such experience. The specific objectives are: 1. to describe the sufferings of the Lolas of Brgy. Mapanique as victim-survivors of mass rape; 2. to identify strategies they used in dealing with the sufferings they experienced; and, 3. to analyze from a feminist anthropological
perspective, how the Lola’s resilience and their strategies of coping have enabled them to deal with their personal, social and economic conditions after the War.
To achieve the objectives, I conducted life stories interview, participant observation and focus group discussion with 47 women survivors. A certain period of time was spent living in the community, staying with the Lolas, and observing and participating in their activities. The narratives in this study were drawn from the victim-survivors’ own voices.
The result of the study showed that the women victim-survivors of rape during WWII experienced sufferings from the violence and abuse that they went through. The sufferings did not end after the war but continued long after the war has ended. However, they also experienced the processes of healing and caring that is continuing through time.
It is also important to note that the Lolas of Mapanique also assert their sense of agency as women as they experience suffering, healing and caring. Their sense of agency is exercised through various forms of resistance or strategies they deemed appropriate for the situations. These are achieved within the socio-cultural context as the victim-survivors of violence and abuse are also members of a community.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Anthropology Dept Thesis]]

NARRATIVES OF SUFFERING, HEALING AND CARING: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF WOMEN VICTIM-SURVIVORS OF MASS RAPE DURING WORLD WAR II IN THE PHILIPPINES

2012-07-31T08:49:32Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: GINA ROSE L. CHAN MA ANTHROPOLOGY (OCTOBER 2010 ) Department of Anthropology This anthropological study focuses on a group of Lolas or grandmothers in the commun...

GINA ROSE L. CHAN 
MA ANTHROPOLOGY (OCTOBER 2010 )
Department of Anthropology 

This anthropological study focuses on a group of Lolas or grandmothers in the community of Brgy. Mapanique, Municipality of Candaba, Pampanga who had a uniquely horrible experience during the World War II as victims of violence and abuse when Japanese soldiers raided the village on November 23, 1944.
The general objective of the study is to describe and analyze the different strategies used by the World War II victims/survivors of mass rape in Pampanga to cope and confront trauma brought about by such experience. The specific objectives are: 1. to describe the sufferings of the Lolas of Brgy. Mapanique as victim-survivors of mass rape; 2. to identify strategies they used in dealing with the sufferings they experienced; and, 3. to analyze from a feminist anthropological
perspective, how the Lola’s resilience and their strategies of coping have enabled them to deal with their personal, social and economic conditions after the War.
To achieve the objectives, I conducted life stories interview, participant observation and focus group discussion with 47 women survivors. A certain period of time was spent living in the community, staying with the Lolas, and observing and participating in their activities. The narratives in this study were drawn from the victim-survivors’ own voices.
The result of the study showed that the women victim-survivors of rape during WWII experienced sufferings from the violence and abuse that they went through. The sufferings did not end after the war but continued long after the war has ended. However, they also experienced the processes of healing and caring that is continuing through time.
It is also important to note that the Lolas of Mapanique also assert their sense of agency as women as they experience suffering, healing and caring. Their sense of agency is exercised through various forms of resistance or strategies they deemed appropriate for the situations. These are achieved within the socio-cultural context as the victim-survivors of violence and abuse are also members of a community.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Anthropology Dept Thesis]]

MUNICIPAL FRANCHISES ON REST, LEISURE AND RECREATION: THE INTENDENCIA AND ITS CONTROL OVER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES IN MANILA, 1819-1895

2012-07-31T08:46:19Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: ALMA N. BAMERO PHD HISTORY (2011) Department of History The research is a venture into the writing of social history. It deals with the implementation of leis...

ALMA N. BAMERO 
PHD HISTORY (2011) 
Department of History 

The research is a venture into the writing of social history. It deals with the implementation of leisure policies by the Spanish colonial government, specifically under the supervision of the Intendencia General de Hacienda Publica. The research looks into commodities such as betel nut-chewing, wine drinking (tuba), opium smoking, and facilities for betting by way of horseraces, cockfights, gambling and the lottery. Control of the Intendencia was facilitated through franchising. This strengthened the partnership between the colonial power and the local elites who were able to afford the license fees. There were commodities that were difficult to manage since these played a larger social significance among Filipinos before the onset of colonialism. Examples were betel nu and wine which were freely used. Horseracing was a new form of leisure introduced in the 19th century. Opium was limited to the use of Chinese migrants. Lottery was a state franchise coursed through local governments. There were nuances in the way policies were implemented. There were also adverse consequences such as contraband trade and social unrest. Though seemingly creating some sense of balance within the limitations of colonialism, the government really prioritized revenue acquisition.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:History Dept Thesis]]

MUNICIPAL HEALTH DECISION-MAKING: A NEW INSTITUTIONALIST ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES IN THE PROVINCE OF BOHOL

2012-07-31T08:30:48Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: NELSON G. CAINGHOG MA POLITICAL SCIENCE (APRIL 2009) Department of Political Science Municipalities in the province of Bohol were observed to have different pe...

NELSON G. CAINGHOG 
MA POLITICAL SCIENCE (APRIL 2009) 
Department of Political Science 

Municipalities in the province of Bohol were observed to have different performance in health policy implementation, especially in the adoption of the Sentrong Sigla standards of the Department of Health and the delivery of primary health services. Several municipalities adopted at the soonest opportunity the SS standards. Some did a notch higher by aiming at establishing a primary hospital. The study aims to account for the main factors contributing to these differences in performance. To account for these, an event history analysis of SS certification using the variables number of veto players coded in terms of party affiliation, the amount of health expenditures, and the occurrence of an election year was done. A comparative analysis of two cases-successful and an attempt-complements the above quantitative analysis. The comparison uses an analytic narrative supplemented by Hilderbrand and Grindle’s framework of government capacity with modifications. This investigation is guided by assumptions and propositions of new institutionalism, particularly historical and rational choice institutionalisms.
The quantitative findings show that the number of veto players did not significantly matter contrary to expectation. The amount of heath expenditure per se also did not matter. But together, the two variables mattered significantly. The number of veto players complements the amount of health expenditure in accounting for the timing of SS certification. Also, the occurrence of an election year did not make any significant effect. One unexpected result of the event history analysis was that two-veto player configurations are more likely to have SS certification compared to one-veto player configurations. In the qualitative aspect, there were two unexpected findings that were not anticipated by the framework of the study: the critical juncture that facilitated the creation of an infirmary in San Miguel and the tacit veto of the municipal doctor in Mabini that contributed to the non-participation of the municipality in the SS certification program. Over-all, the study provided proof, at least partially, to the insignificance of party affiliation (the basis in counting the number of veto players) in health decision-making at the local level. It also opened possible avenues for applying historical institutionalism in the analysis of successful cases. Finally, it also broke stereotypes of health officers as promoters of health programs and opened a possible area of inquiry related to the veto power of expert bureaucrats like the local public doctor. This can pave the way for a reformulation of veto players’ theory at the local level.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Political Science Dept Thesis]]

LIVES ON HOLD: SONS OF MIGRANT PARENTS

2012-07-31T08:26:29Z

Rcbaluyot:

ARNOLD P. ALAMON 
MA SOCIOLOGY (NOVEMBER 2008) 
Department of Sociology 

The study “Lives on Hold: Sons of Migrant Parents” documents the stories of six adult males left behind by migrant parents as children and probes the implications of long-term parental absence due to labor migration on their family life. At a time when a significant number of Filipinos resort to labor migration as a response to the continuing underdevelopment at home, the study also contemplates on the situation of the transnational Filipino migrant family drawing from the shared life-stories and reconstructed memories of the six.
It is the assertion of this research that the transnational Filipino migrant family is experiencing intense strain as the viability of traditional notions of familial love is challenged by long-term parental absence due to labor migration. The stories of these sons of migrant parents tell of the unspoken pain of unmet familial expectations that results in family lives that are placed on hold as they await for the family reunion that may never take place.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Sociology Dept Thesis]]

LIVES ON HOLD: SONS OF MIGRANT PARENTS

2012-07-31T08:26:15Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: LIVES ON HOLD: SONS OF MIGRANT PARENTS ARNOLD P. ALAMON MA SOCIOLOGY (NOVEMBER 2008) Department of Sociology The study “Lives on Hold: Sons of Migrant Paren...

LIVES ON HOLD: SONS OF MIGRANT PARENTS

ARNOLD P. ALAMON 
MA SOCIOLOGY (NOVEMBER 2008) 
Department of Sociology 

The study “Lives on Hold: Sons of Migrant Parents” documents the stories of six adult males left behind by migrant parents as children and probes the implications of long-term parental absence due to labor migration on their family life. At a time when a significant number of Filipinos resort to labor migration as a response to the continuing underdevelopment at home, the study also contemplates on the situation of the transnational Filipino migrant family drawing from the shared life-stories and reconstructed memories of the six.
It is the assertion of this research that the transnational Filipino migrant family is experiencing intense strain as the viability of traditional notions of familial love is challenged by long-term parental absence due to labor migration. The stories of these sons of migrant parents tell of the unspoken pain of unmet familial expectations that results in family lives that are placed on hold as they await for the family reunion that may never take place.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Sociology Dept Thesis]]

LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTERS: THE PROVIDENT VILLAGES STORY

2012-07-31T08:19:47Z

Rcbaluyot:

JOY NOELLE T. YUMUL 
MA PSYCHOLOGY (OCTOBER 2011) 
Department of Psychology 

Natural hazards occur all over the world, may these be geologic, climatic or hydrologic. These works of nature happen inevitably and theoretically, harmlessly. The Philippines, due to its location and other characteristics, had its share of hazards over the years. For instance, an average of 20 tropical cyclones affect the country annually. Provident Villages, which is one of the oldest subdivisions in Marikina City, is the chosen area for this study. It is located on a floodplain beside Marikina River which makes it prone to flooding. The main purpose of this study is to look into how the respondents’ knowledge, emotions and perceptions of previous floods influenced their way of responding to floods, specifically the one brought by Tropical Storm Ondoy on September 26, 2009. Moreover, it looked into how satisfied the respondents were with the way they responded to the Ondoy flood and what factors contributed to their satisfaction or lack thereof. In the process, the study referred to the experiences of the respondents with pre- and post-Ondoy floods. The results presented in this study were gathered through interviews and visits to Provident Villages. The findings revealed that the respondents could identify three major floods in the village prior to the Ondoy flood (i.e. 1978, 1988, 1998/1999). The floods in the past were considered manageable compared to the Ondoy flood. Moreover, the results showed that most of the respondents did not prepare for future eventualities prior to the Ondoy flood. However, after the Ondoy flood, all of them reported carrying out some kind of preparation for future floods. Furthermore, the respondents claimed that when Typhoon Juan (October 16-20, 2010) and Typhoon Chedeng (May 23-29, 2011) affected the country, they were already prepared.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Psychology Dept Thesis]]

LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTERS: THE PROVIDENT VILLAGES STORY

2012-07-31T08:13:50Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTERS: THE PROVIDENT VILLAGES STORY JOY NOELLE T. YUMUL MA PSYCHOLOGY (OCTOBER 2011) Department of Psychology Natural hazards occur all over the wor...

LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTERS: THE PROVIDENT VILLAGES STORY

JOY NOELLE T. YUMUL
MA PSYCHOLOGY (OCTOBER 2011)
Department of Psychology

Natural hazards occur all over the world, may these be geologic, climatic or hydrologic. These works of nature happen inevitably and theoretically, harmlessly. The Philippines, due to its location and other characteristics, had its share of hazards over the years. For instance, an average of 20 tropical cyclones affect the country annually. Provident Villages, which is one of the oldest subdivisions in Marikina City, is the chosen area for this study. It is located on a floodplain beside Marikina River which makes it prone to flooding. The main purpose of this study is to look into how the respondents’ knowledge, emotions and perceptions of previous floods influenced their way of responding to floods, specifically the one brought by Tropical Storm Ondoy on September 26, 2009. Moreover, it looked into how satisfied the respondents were with the way they responded to the Ondoy flood and what factors contributed to their satisfaction or lack thereof. In the process, the study referred to the experiences of the respondents with pre- and post-Ondoy floods. The results presented in this study were gathered through interviews and visits to Provident Villages. The findings revealed that the respondents could identify three major floods in the village prior to the Ondoy flood (i.e. 1978, 1988, 1998/1999). The floods in the past were considered manageable compared to the Ondoy flood. Moreover, the results showed that most of the respondents did not prepare for future eventualities prior to the Ondoy flood. However, after the Ondoy flood, all of them reported carrying out some kind of preparation for future floods. Furthermore, the respondents claimed that when Typhoon Juan (October 16-20, 2010) and Typhoon Chedeng (May 23-29, 2011) affected the country, they were already prepared.

[[Category:Theses]][[Category:2010 Thesis]][[Category:CSSP Thesis]][[Category:Psychology Dept Thesis]]

ETHICAL PREDICAMENTS AND MORAL REASONING OF POST-GRADUATE INTERNS

2012-07-31T08:00:51Z

Rcbaluyot: New page: ETHICAL PREDICAMENTS AND MORAL REASONING OF POST-GRADUATE INTERNS MILAGROS F. NERI MS BIOETHICS (APRIL 14, 2009) Department of Philosophy Several studies have shown that the improveme...

ETHICAL PREDICAMENTS AND MORAL REASONING OF POST-GRADUATE INTERNS

MILAGROS F. NERI
MS BIOETHICS (APRIL 14, 2009)
Department of Philosophy

Several studies have shown that the improvement in moral reasoning and moral development expected for the age and educational level of medical students are not occurring over the four years of undergraduate medical education. These findings have been partly attributed to the existence of a “hidden curriculum” which consists of informal processes at the level of organizational structure and culture.
A more problematic situation involves the post-graduate interns who are no longer under the control of medical schools and whose supervision is entirely dependent on the residents and consultants of their hospital affiliation.
This study, therefore, has the following objectives: 1) to describe the ethical predicaments of post-graduate interns deployed in different hospitals; 2) to explore how PGIs are affected by the ethical predicaments; 3) to determine the nature of the moral reasoning involved with each decision; and 4) to compare the moral reasoning stage of post-graduate interns in different hospital settings.
The study operates on the premise that the different hospital affiliations of PGIs have their own distinctive culture which may expose the PGIs to different ethical predicaments. Moral development stage of PGIs differs as a function of their hospital affiliation, gender, age and status of internship.
A postpositivist approach most closely parallels the epistemology of this research. A qualitative case study design was used with two FGDs and 4 group interviews in order to explore the world of the PGIs, their predicaments, affect and moral reasoning. A survey was subsequently conducted to determine the moral development stage of PGIs. The questionnaire which was based on the Defining Issues Test by Rest consists of case scenarios that were developed from the results of the FGDs.
Content analysis of the text was used to identify emerging and repeated themes. Common issues of PGIs involve conflict with residents and consultants as well as conflict in patient care. Conflict with nurses and laboratory staff was unique in the academic training hospital. Decision-making as to what course of action to take hinges on social consensus and care for patient.
There were a total of 144 PGIs in the survey: 97 regular and 40 midyears, 101 females and 36 males with a mean age of 26. Seven respondents failed to indicate their sex and status of internship. There were 54 PGIs from academic training hospital, 38 from private, and 52 from government hospitals in Metro Manila. The overall moral development of PGIs is in the conventional stage oriented towards conformity with socially-agreed upon rules. There is no statistical difference as to age, gender, and hospital affiliation. It is only the status of internship in some cases (Cases 2, 3, 4) that were found to be statistically significant.
Given the above results, it seems that the fundamental moral motivation of PGIs is the preservation of relationship including that with the patient manifested by caring attitude. Therefore, both justice and care orientation is operable in the case of the PGIs in the study.

File:ETHICAL PREDICAMENTS AND MORAL REASONING OF POST-GRADUATE INTERNS.doc

2012-07-31T07:52:52Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND WORKING LIFE TABLE OF BHUTAN.doc

2012-07-30T06:40:44Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:INFANT AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN BHUTTAN A LIFE TABLE ANALYSIS.doc

2012-07-30T06:37:09Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:IN THE PURSUIT OF SERVICE THE MISSIONARY EFFORTS OF THE CONGREGATIO IMMACULATI CORDIS MARIAE (CICM) IN THE PROVINCE OF NUEVA VIZCAYA 1989-2000.doc

2012-07-30T06:35:47Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:FOREST COVER CHANGES AND THE SHIFT OF FOREST MANAGEMENT IN AURORA PROVINCE.doc

2012-07-30T06:34:35Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RURAL OUT-MIGRATION A HOUSEHOLD LEVEL STUDY IN KANGLUNG GEWOG TRASHIGANG BHUTAN.doc

2012-07-30T06:29:30Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:EXPLORING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF LIFE SATISFACTION OF THE ELDERLY.doc

2012-07-30T06:28:05Z

Rcbaluyot:

File:EXOTERIC AND ESOTERIC IDEAS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF LEO STRAUSS FORGING SOME APPLICATIONS.doc

2012-07-30T06:26:08Z

Rcbaluyot: